348 IMMUNOLOGY 



They found that either dye will completely inhibit precipitation 

 in either serum. The second, i.e., histidine-like, etc., "is relatively 

 more efficient as an inhibitor for the antigelatin-diazo-arsanilic 

 acid." They regard their results as indicating that "the injection 

 of a single 'complete' protein coupled with diazotized arsanilic 

 acid leads to the production of two different anti-haptens, one 

 corresponding more closely to the tyrosinediazoarsanilic acid 

 group, the other to the histidindiazoarsanilic acid group. In the 

 case of the 'deficient' protein gelatin, the coupled protein seems to 

 give rise to only one of these antihaptens. " 



These results indicate that more than one antibody may be 

 produced by an antigen as suggested more recently by Landsteiner. 

 All of the work on modified proteins supports Wells' (1929) con- 

 tention that specificity may depend upon small groups in the mole- 

 cule as well SLS other factors. For a brief summary of some of the 

 more important points brought out in this cha]itoi' the student is 

 referred to Chapter XX. 



Antibodies to Strychnine. — Using Landsteiner 's nu'tliods of 

 producing new antigens Hooker and Boyd (1940) failed in an 

 attempt to produce antibodies for morphine but were apparently 

 successful in producing antibodies for strychnine. Precipitation 

 with caseinazostrychnine was inhibited by the alkaloid and some 

 of its derivatives but not by other substances, which like strychnine 

 contain the indol nucleus. The sera they produced were too weak 

 to neutralize the lethal effect of strychnine in mice. 



References 



Chamberlain, J. F.: Oiganic Cliemistrv, Pliiliulolpliia, 1928, The Blakiston 

 Co. 



Heidelberger, M. : Immunochemistry. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 

 Stanford University Press 1: 65.5, 1932. 



Hooker, S. B., and Boyd, W. C: The Existence of Antigenic Determinants 

 of Diverse Specificitj" in a Single Protein I. Tyrosin and Histidin- 

 diazoarsanilic Acids as Haptens, J. Immunol. 25: 61, 1933. 



Hooker, S. B., and Boyd, W. C: Antibodies to Strvchnine, J. Immunol. 38: 

 479, 1940. 



Jacobs, J.: Serological Studies on lodinated Sera. II. Anaphylaxis, J. 

 Immunol. 23: 861, 1932. 



Matthews, A. P.: Physiological Chemistrv, New York, 1930, William Wood 

 & Co. 



Landsteiner, K., and Jablons, B.: Ueber die Bildung von antikorpen gegen 

 verandertes arteigenes Serumeiweiss, Ztschr. f. Tmmunitatsforsch. u. 

 exper. Therap. 20: 618, 1914. 



