398 IMMUNOLOGY 



wheal appearint? at the site of injection within fifteen or twenty 

 minutes. The appearance of pseudopods and extension of the 

 circumference of the wheal are considered as definite evidence of 

 a positive reaction. A positive test is an allergic reaction and 

 indicates an excess of antibodies in the tissues. The test is iised 

 as a guide to the serum treatment of pneumonia since serum is 

 discontinued in uncomplicated cases when the test becomes positive. 

 Edwards et al. recommend that more serum be given if the reaction 

 is doubtful. The authors state that the test as a guide in serum 

 therapy rests upon a sound theoretical basis. They present an 

 excellent discussion of the subject. 



References 



Andrewes, F. W.: Studies in Group Agolutination T, J. Path. & Bact. 25: 

 SO;!, 1922. II. Ibid. 28: .34;!, 192r). 



Avery, O. T., Chickering-, H. T., Cole, R., and Doehez, A. R.: Acute Lobai' 

 Pneumonia. Atonooiaph of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical 

 Research, 1017, No. 7. 



Avery, O. T., and Goehel, W. F.: Chemo-imnuinolooioal Studies on Con- 

 jugated Carbohydrate-Proteins. IV. The Synthesis of p-aminobenzyl 

 Ether of the Soluble Specific Sul)stance of Type III Pneumococcus 

 and Its Coupling With Protein, J. Exper. ISfed. 54: 431, 1931. 



Blake, F. G.: Method for the Determination of Pneumococcus T\'pes, J. 

 Exper. Med. 26: 67, 1917. 



Brown, J. H.: Simplified Method for Grouping Hemolytic Streptococci by 

 Precipitin Reaction, J. A. M. A. Ill: 310, 1938. ' 



Bushnell, L. D.: Bacillarv White Diarrhea in Fowl, Agric. Exper. Sta. 

 Bull., Kansas State College, No. 21, p. 71, 1926. 



Calder, R. M. : A Microscopic Method of Typing Pneumococcus by the 

 U.se of Stained Organisms. J. A. M. A, 97: 609, 1931. 



Carpenter, C. M,, and Boak, R. A.: The Laboratory Diagnosis of 

 Undulant Fever, J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 15: 437, 1930." 



Castaneda, M. R., and Zia, S.: Antigenic Relationship Between Proteus 

 X19 and Tvphus Rickettsiae Studv of Weil-Felix Reaction, J. Exper. 

 Med. 58: .5.5, 1933. 



Cooper, G., Edwards, M., and Rosenstein, C: J. Exper. Med. 49: 461, 1929. 



Cooper, G., Rosenstein, C., Walter, A., and Peizer, L. : J. Exper. Med. 55: 

 531, 1932. 



Doehez, A. R., and Gillespie, L. J. : A Biologic Classification of Pneumococ- 

 cus by Means of Immunity Reactions, J. A. M. A, 61: 727, 1913. 



Downs, C. M. : Antigenic and Metabolic Studies of B. typhosus, Uni- 

 versity of Kan. Science Bull. 16: 1, 1926. 



Downs, C. M. : Immunologic Studies on Tularemia in Rabbits, J. Infect. 

 Dis. 51: 315, 1932. 



Dreyer, G., Walker, E. W. A., and Gibson, A. A.: Typhoid and Para- 

 typhoid Infection in Relation to Antityphoid Inoculation, Lancet 1: 

 324, 1915. 



Dulaney, A. D.. Wikle, W. T., Stewart, R. L., Rayfield, J. D., Walker, J. K., 

 Jr., and Preacher, A. B.: H and O Agglutination Following Typhoid 

 Vaccination in an Unselected Group of Individuals, .1. Immunol. 24: 

 229, 1933. 



