486 IMMUNOLOGY 



"2, The symptoms produced must be those characteristic of 

 anaphylactic intoxication as observed in the usual reactions with 

 typical soluble proteins, being therefore the same for all antigens 

 with the same test animal, but differing characteristically with 

 each species of animal. 



''3. It should be possible to demonstrate typical reactions in the 

 nonstriated muscle tissue of the sensitized animal. 



"4. The possibility that the observed symptoms are caused by 

 capillary thrombosis or embolism must be excluded. 



"5. After recovery from anaphylactic shock there should be ex- 

 hibited a condition of specific desensitization to the same anti- 

 gen under proper conditions. 



"6. In addition to the above, it is usually, but not always, pos- 

 sible (a) to demonstrate passive sensitization with the serum of 

 sensitized animals; and (b) to demonstrate amelioration or pre- 

 vention of the bronchial spasm in guinea pigs by proper use of 

 atropine and epinephrine." 



Zinsser (1931) is of the opinion that criteria numbers 4 and 6b 

 may be omitted, since he regards the others as adequate. He sug- 

 gests that the criterion relative to passive sensitization should be 

 modified since it has been shown that the species origin of pas- 

 sive sensitizing serum is important. He refers to observations 

 previously cited that guinea pigs may be passively sensitized 

 with antibacterial serum from rabbits, but not with antibacterial 

 serum containing antibodies from a horse. It might also be added 

 that Sherwood and Downs (1928) succeeded in passively sen- 

 sitizing turtles to sheep and human blood with immune sera 

 obtained from chickens, but were unsuccessful when they employed 

 similar immune sera obtained from rabbits. Zinsser also calls 

 attention to the newer work which has shown that clinical bac- 

 terial anaphylactic shock or the specific response of sensitized 

 uterine horns can be demonstrated when the specific bacterial 

 hapten (carbohydrate) is used. The whole antigen is, however, 

 necessary for sensitization. 



The Sensitizing' Antibody. — It has been shown by Doerr and 

 Russ (1909) that the sensitizing property of immune rabbit serum 

 for guinea pigs parallels its precipitin content. Weil (1916) 

 determined that the precipitate formed in the precipitin reaction 

 could be washed free of serum and used to sensitize guinea pigs 



