CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMAL AGGREGATIONS 29 



mental pattern which they regard as more important than the bio- 

 logical values involved. 



13. Symphylacia are societies that furnish protection for the in- 

 dividuals composing them. 



B. Heterotypical societies are composed of individuals of different 

 species. 



Alpha. Reciprocal societies. 



I. Integrated by sexual drives. 



1. Connubium confusa are societies of both sexes, but of different 

 species, brought together Tor the breeding season. Thus, male frogs 

 will attempt to mate -v^/ith females of other species, or with toads, 

 or even with fish. Or another taxonomic level, coccinellid beetles of 

 different species ha/e been observed to attempt copulation. 



2. Perversum confusa are formed when individuals of the same 

 sex congregate during the breeding season, although of different 

 species, as for example, male frogs and toads, Rhagonycha melanura 

 Oliv. with Luciola luistanica Charp. 



II. N on-sexual combinations . 



1. Phagophilia are heterotypical reciprocal societies wherein each 

 species benelits, although at least one of the two receives its food 

 through its association with the other. Thus a passive species is 

 freed of its parasites through the efforts of its active associates, 

 showing one variety of mutuahsm. This is illustrated by cow- 

 birds following cattle and feeding on the flies which infest the 

 latter. 



2. Synsitia are also symbiotic societies in which one of the asso- 

 ciates lives on the shell or the outer covering of the other, without 

 being parasitic and without the type of relationship found in a 

 phagophilium. Deegener regards the relationship between a hydro- 

 zoan and a hermit crab, such as Hydractinia growing on the shell 

 occupied by Eupagurus, as a synsitium. The former clearly receives 

 transportation and fragments of food, while the latter may be 

 protected by the nematocysts of the dactylozoids, as Deegener 

 suggests. 



3. Phylacobia occur when two species live together in the same 

 cavities, as Campanotus punclulatus termitarius Em., an ant, is said 



