420 



ANIMAL AGGREGATIONS 



snails, stimulate growth, 147 



affect male production in Cladocera, 



23s, 304 

 Planaria, affects growth form, 312 

 as food, 341 

 see also Exudates 

 Exudates, protect Procerodes, 225, 231 

 Planaria from distilled water, 225 

 Enchelys from high temperatures, 217 

 bacteria, 217 

 fail to protect Planaria from distilled 

 water, 218 

 in allelocatalysis, 165, 176 

 in Ameiurus aggregations, 62, 90 

 see also Allelocatalysis, Autodestruc- 

 tion, Autoprotection, Carbon di- 

 oxide, Chemotropism, Conditioned 

 solutions. Excretions, Metabolic 

 wastes. Slime, Tektin 



Fabre, J. H., 74, 75 



Faeces, stimulate growth in snails, 147 



Families, reciprocal, 24 



irreciprocal, 25 

 Family as basis of society, 338-51 

 Farr's law, 115, 132, 142 

 Faure, J. C, 78, 319, 326, 327, 329 

 Fertility, mortality and, 136 

 Fertilization, survival value, 289 

 Fibroblasts, culture in vitro, 150, 166 

 Fielde, A. M., 93 

 Fireflies, synchronous flashing, 90 

 Fischer, A., 88, 150, 151, 152, 157, 166 

 Fischer-Sigwart, H., 68 



Fish, 12, 345 



monogamy among, 27 

 groups of female sticklebacks, 28 

 nests inhabited by other species, 31 

 relation to Portuguese-man-of-war and 



to coral colonies, 32 

 aggregations of Ameiurus, 62, 345 

 breeding behavior, 68 



of Ami a, 25 



of bullheads {Ameiurus), 25, 345 



of black bass, 25 



of sticklebacks, 25 



general, 27 

 hibernation, 70 

 growth limited by crowding, 113, 116, 



117 

 size in relation to size of lake, 117 

 mass protection, from colloidal silver, 

 209 



metallic salts, 213 



excretions and male production in 

 Cladocera, 305 

 Fisher, R. A., 164 

 Flatworms, see Planaria 

 Flocking, of birds, 13, 36, 339, 340, 342, 



343, 344 

 FloerscheLms, C, 75 



Food, exhausted by groups, 102, in, 113, 

 119 

 of bacteria, 103 

 of Protozoa, 107 



relation to population cycles, in Para- 

 mecium, 137 

 in Tribolimn, 138 

 snail faeces increase microflora of cul- 

 tures, 147 

 Food chains, 35 

 Forbes, S. A., 83 

 Forced movements, aggregations due to, 



38 

 Forel, A., vii, 13, 31 

 Formation, biotic, 8 

 Formulas, Bilski's, crowding on growth, 



IIS 



Pearl's, crowding on reproduction in 

 Drosophila, 132 



Chapman's for biotic potential, 140 



Farr's law, 142 



Carpenter's fatality curve in fish, 213 

 Fowler, J. R., 141, 142, 215, 216, 239 

 Fox, K. M., 69 

 Foxes, monogamy, 24 

 Frank, G., 156, 215 

 Freemartin, 295 

 Frisch, K. von, 76 

 Frogs, 12, 13, 27 



attempt to mate with toads or fish, 29 



hibernation, 66, 70 



spring migration, 67 



breeding behavior, 67 



of Hylodes, Pi pa, and Rhinoderma, 26 



community fertilization, 68 



laboratory aggregations, 74 



sex recognition in, 89 



regeneration rate of tadpoles affected 

 by crowding, 14S 

 Fulmer, E. I., 247, 248, 249, 259 

 Fulton, B. B., 93, 94 



Galtsoff, P. S., 45, 46 



Galvanotropic reactions, of Paramecium, 



39, 41 

 of spermatozoa, 278 



