424 



ANIMAL AGGREGATIONS 



Lillie, F. R., 69, 70, 264, 265, 266, 270, 

 271, 272, 273, 284, 29s, 309 



Limpet sperm, mass physiology of, 263 



Limulus, animals on shell, 22 



Liohunum (phalangid), synchronous be- 

 havior, 88 



Lipoids, growth-inhibiting, 153, 155 



Lizards, breeding behavior, 27 



Lloyd-Jones, O., 282 



Locust swarms, 78, 316, 359 



Locustana, see Grasshoppers 



Locusts, see Grasshoppers 



Loeb, J., 38, 42, 52, 317 



Lowie, R. H., 346 



Lunar periodicities, in breeding behavior, 

 69 



Lutz, F. E., 92, 93 



Lymnaea, effect of crowding on growth, 

 108 

 on growth-form, 109, 311 

 factors causing growth limitation, 109 

 faeces, stimulate growth, 147 



Lyon, E. P., 317 



McAfee, W. L., 342 

 McClendon, J. F., 304 

 Maeterlinck, M., 97 

 Malaquin, A., 290, 291 

 Malinowski, B., 346 

 Mammals, 12, 24, 339, 348 



breeding relations, 27 



African, migration societies, 31 



hibernation, 70 



size in relation to size of range, 117 



sperm physiology, 276, 282 

 Man, breeding behavior, 27, 347 



social classification, 37 



animals associated with, 82, 349 



social origins, 339, 340, 347, 348 



social relations, see Society, human 

 Marmots, mixed families, 28 



hibernation, 70 

 Mass action, law of, biological applica- 

 tion, 215, 355 

 Mass physiology, importance, 338 



summary, 362 

 Mass protection, from colloidal silver, 

 201, 222 



specificity, 210 



from toxic salts, 213 



from high temperature, 217 



from ultra-violet, 218 



from hypotonic sea- water, 225 



heterotypic protection, 228 



factors contributing to, 231 



from gentian violet (for bacteria), 253 



from hydrogen peroxide (for bacteria), 



260 

 see Aggregations, beneficial effects 

 Mast, S. O., 21, 39, 40 

 May flies, 21 



nymphs, laboratory aggregations, 74 

 Melanoplus, see Grasshoppers 

 Mellisodes, bees, place societies, 28 



"sleep" aggregations, 75 

 Mendelian ratios affected by crowding, 332 

 Mercuric chloride, reaction with Mytilus 



gills, 213 

 Mermis, see Nematodes 

 Mesiacev, I., 359 



Metabolic rate, affected by aggregations, 

 181, 184, 186, 239 

 affects male production in Cladocera, 

 308 

 in other animals, 309 

 affects growth form in Planaria, 312 

 Metabolic wastes, effects on growth, of 

 bacteria, 103, 107, 249 

 of snails, no 



of echinoderm larvae, no, 117 

 of Daphnia, no 

 of Planaria, 113, 312 

 of fish, 113, 116 

 effects on rate of reproduction, 120 

 oi Paramecium, 120 

 of Stylonychla, 122 

 of Daphnia, 126 

 protect bacteria, 217 

 condition primitive environment, 354 

 see also Excretions 

 Metallic colloids, mass protection from, 



201, 208-12, 214, 222 

 Metallic salts, mass protection from, 



213-15 

 Metazo&n individual, compared to a 

 bacterial colony, 261; to society, 

 353 

 Methylene blue, mass protection of 



Protozoa from, 212 

 Micrococcus, see Bacillus 

 Midges, swarms of males, 66 

 breeding behavior, 66 

 humidity control of swarms, abundance, 

 359 

 Migration, of insects, 34, 317, 341 

 direction taken, 317 



