INDEX 



429 



Silver, colloidal, see Colloidal silver 



metallic, mass relations, of spermatozoa 

 to, 277 

 of Convoluta, 277 

 Silver nitrate, as a measure for hypotonic 



sea- water, 224 

 Silvestri, F., 94 

 Simocephalus , see Cladocera 

 "Sleep" aggregations, 74, 78, 80, 317 

 Slime, mass protection from colloidal 

 silver and, 210, 211, 212, 221, 222 

 Smith, G., 304, 305 

 Smith, H., 269, 270 

 Smith, V. G., 4, 8 

 Snails, 12 



growth limited by crowding, 108 



growth form, log 



factors causing growth limitation, 109 



faeces stimulate growth, 147 



protection from colloidal silver, 210, 211 

 Snakes, 21 



breeding behavior, 27, 68 



hibernation, 70 

 Snyder, T. E., 66 

 Social appetite, 11, 46, 51, 52, 60, 62, 64, 



80, 342, 346, 361 

 Social behavior, criterion for, 48 



in caterpillars, 48, 49, 51 

 Social instinct, 7, 33, 47, 48, 49, 52 



Societies, animal, 3, 4, 8, 23, 352, 353 

 ecological, 8 



Deegener's classification, 15 

 with sexual basis, 24, 29 

 of Protozoa, 26 

 without sexual basis, 27, 29 

 Alverdes' classification, t^t, 

 Espinas' classification, 34 

 Wheeler's classification, 34, 35 

 classification on basis of integration, 34 

 open, or closed, 34 

 reproductive or protective, 35 

 anthropoid, 35 

 see Family as basis of society 



Society, definition of, 5, 6, 7 

 human, 17, 37, 82, 361, 362 

 origin, 339, 340, 346, 350 

 Deegener's definition, 23 



homotypical, 23 



kormogene, 23 



heterotypical, 23 



primary, 24 



secondary, 26 



reciprocal, 29 



irreciprocal, 31 



adoption, 28, 30, 81 



integration, 82, 344 



role of voice in, 95 



origin, 338, 355, 360 



as an emergent, 339 



analogy to organism, 353 

 Sociology, general, 4, 2,2,, 37, 285 



comparative, 86 

 Solenopsis (ant), behavior when flooded, 



72 

 Somes, M. P., 331 

 Song sparrows, 343 

 Songs, bird, sexual significance, 92 

 Sound integration, 92 

 Space, free, effect on spermatozoa, 280 



distance spermatozoa swim, 289 

 Spaeth, R., 348 

 Spallanzani, L., 263 

 Specificity, of echinoderm excretions, 1 10 



of Daphnia excretions, no, 126 



of protozoan excretions, 122, 173 



of autodestruction, 142 



of mass protection against colloidal 

 silver, 210 



of mass protection against hypotonic 

 sea-water, 231 

 Spencer, H., vii, 338, 339, 353 

 Spermatozoa, 337, 357 



mass protection for, 217, 218, 219 



general mass physiology of, 263 

 summary, 284 



functional life related to numbers 

 present, 263 



mass effect in fertilization, 264 



mammalian, 276, 282 



Gray's explanation of decreased move- 

 ment in masses, 279 



distance sperm travel, 289 

 Sphex, "sleep" aggregations, 74 

 Spiders, young of Epeira, 20 



breeding behavior, 27 



polyandry in, 26 



sex recognition in, 89 



climatic control, 321 

 Spinoza, vii 

 Spirostomum, retarding effect of crowding, 



123 

 Sponges, 16 



growth from gemmules in fresh water, 

 24 



animals living in canals of, 32 



cell aggregations, 45 

 Sprays, mass protection from, 239 

 Springer, M. G., 117 



