430 



ANIMAL AGGREGATIONS 



Staphylococci, effect of isolation, 260 

 Starfish, see Ophlodermi 



growth-promoting substance, 155 



eggs, 358 

 Starvation and wing production in 



aphids, 315 

 Stearic acid, effect on animals, 125 

 Stearin, bio-physical effects, 277 

 Steiner, G., 299, 302 

 Stentor, 17, 204 



Storks, African, hunting societies, 30 

 Strongylocentrotus , see Sea urchin 

 Struggle for existence, 86, 246, 353 



relation to co-operation, 361 

 Stuart, C. A., 308 

 "Student," 164, 165, 187, 196, 230 

 Stylonychia, retarding effects of crowd- 

 ing, 122, 169 



mass protection from colloidal silver, 

 204 

 Succession, ecological, 102 



of plants, 193 



of Protozoa, 107 

 Sugar solution, effect on sperm, 278 

 Surface, F. M., 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 



131 

 Survival value of fertilization, 289 

 Survival value of groups, 36, 87, 181, 200, 

 222, 262, 316, 337, 351, 354, 361 



through co-operation, 30, 346, 349 



of sleep aggregations, 75, 79 



negative values, loi, 136, 140, 184 



metabolism and, 181, 182, 186, 239, 



319, 334 



autotomy of bunched starfishes and, 

 182, 189 



factors contributing to, 191 



protection from colloidal silver, 201 



specificity of, 210 



from toxic salts, 213 



from high temperatures, 217 



from ultra-violet, 218 



against hypotonic sea- water, 222 



in sex determination, 309 



see also Aggregations and Crowding 

 Swarm flocks, 342 

 Swarms, of Diptera, 66 



lunar, of Nereis, 69 

 of grasshoppers, 316 

 Symbiosis, 47, 166, 359, 360 

 Sympaedium, 18, 24 

 Symphagium, 21, 28 

 Symporium, 21, 28 

 Syncheimadium, 21, 28 



Synchorium, 21, 28 



Synchronous behavior, of caterpillars, 51, 

 94 



of phalangids, 88 



in tissue culture, 89 



of fireflies, 90 



of tree crickets, 93 



of grasshoppers, 94 



of termites, 95 

 Syngynium, 17, 28 

 Syntropium, 22, 38 

 Sysympaedium, 20, 27 

 Szymanski, J. S., 48, 49, 50, 51, 56, 60, 88 



Tabanid flies, morning swarms, 66 



"sleep" aggregations, 75 

 Tactile integration, 88 

 Tadpoles, growth limited by crowding, 

 112 

 regeneration rate stimulated by crowd- 

 ing, 148 

 mass protection from colloidal silver, 



204, 207 

 excretions and male production in 

 Cladocera, 305 

 Tanner, F. W., 157, 158 

 Tatham, 142 

 Taylor, T. H., 66 

 Tektin, a means of mass protection in 



Protozoa, 212 

 Temperature, and light, relation to 

 activity, 77, 317 

 high, mass protection from, 217, 276 

 low, mass protection from, 276 

 and wing production in aphids, 314 

 effect of body color on, 318 

 Terminology, 5, 8 

 Termites, 17, 24, 346, 361 

 relation, to ants, 29, 31 



to termiticoles, 30 

 sound production, 94 

 response to substratal vibrations, 95 

 soldier caste, 246 

 Termiticoles, relation to termites, 30 

 Territory in bird, fish, and mammal life, 



345 

 Terry-McCoy, E., 201 

 Thigmotropic reactions leading to aggre- 

 gations, 44, 52, 60, 63, 74 

 Thomas, C, 330 

 Thomas, W. I., 346 

 Thompson, J. A., 83 

 Tissue cells, aggregation, 45 

 Tissue culture, effect of crowding, 149, 

 157, 166, 28s, 337 



