CONTENTS xi 



PHOSPHORYLATION OF CARBOHYDRATES 



By Carl F. Cori, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis 175 



Introduction, 175 Transphosphorylation, 181 



Uptake of inorganic phosphate, 175 Regeneration of inorganic phosphate. 



Intramolecular migration of phos- 185 



phate, 179 Summary, 188 



DISCUSSION ON PHOSPHORYLATION 

 H. M. Kalckar, chairman 



190 



Myokinase; dephosphorylation 



By H. M. Kalckar, 190 

 Dephosphorylating and transphos- 



phorylating enzymes 



By Otto Meyerhof, 192 



Energy utilization mechanisms 

 By M. J. Johnson, 194 



Evidence for acetylphosphate occur- 

 rence 

 By Fritz Lipmann, 195 



METABOLIC CYCLES AND DECARBOXYLATION 

 By E. A, Evans, Jr., University of Chicago .... 



Introduction: cycle reactions in bio- 

 logical systems, 197 

 Krebs' citric acid cycle, 198 



Experimental basis of the citric 



acid cycle, 198 



The "Krebs reaction," 200 



The eflFect of malonate on tissue 



respiration, 201 



Evaluation of the reactions of the 



citric acid cycle, 201 



Criticisms of the theory, 202 



197 



The citric acid cycle in pigeon liver, 

 203 



The synthesis of a-ketoglutaric 

 acid, 203 



The assimilation of CO2 in the syn- 

 thesis of a-ketoglutaric acid by 

 pigeon liver, 204 



The mechanism of a-ketoglutaric 

 acid synthesis, 204 

 The nature of CO2 assimilation by 

 pigeon liver, 205 



TRANSAMINATION 



By Philip P. Cohen, University of Wisconsin 



210 



Types of transamination, 210 

 Discovery of transamination reac- 

 tion, 211 

 Substrates active in transamination, 

 211 



Amino and keto acids, 211 

 Peptides, 212 



"Primary" and "secondary" sub- 

 strates, 213 



"Catalytic" transamination, 213 

 Preparation and properties of trans- 

 aminating enzymes, 214 

 Aminopherases, 214 

 Transaminase, 215 

 Substrate specificity, 215 

 Mechanism of transamination, 216 

 Transamination in diflFerent tissues: 

 Animal tissues, 218 



Malignant and embryonic tissues, 



219 



Plant tissues, 220 



Yeast and bacteria, 221 



Transamination in vivo, 221 



Influence of various substances on 

 transamination, 221 

 Inhibitors, 221 

 Hormones, 222 

 Carcinogens, 222 

 Vitamins, 222 



Role of transamination in intermedi- 

 ary metabolism, 223 

 Protein and amino acid synthesis 

 and degradation: animal tissues, 

 plant tissues, transamination and 

 glycolysis, transamination and hy- 

 drogen transport, 223 



