56 A SYMPOSIUM ON RESPIRATORY ENZYMES 



Table 4 surveys lactic and propionic acid bacteria and chlorophyll- 

 bearing plant tissue. The three types of lactic acid bacteria are 

 representative examples which duplicate in every respect the 

 metabolic types of the yeasts shown in Table 2. Lactobacillus del- 

 bruckW* deserves special comment. It shows a well-developed 



Table 4.— Bacterial and plant metaboHsm in glucose 



Pasteur eflFect without possessing any catalysts of the hemin type. The 

 oxygen-producing plant tissues show only a small fermentative 

 capacity. 



ANIMAL TISSUES 



The fairly frequent occurrence among invertebrates of organisms 

 adapted to anaerobic life has been mentioned. Particularly among 

 the worms is found a great variety of partly or wholly anaerobic 

 forms. Here, on a higher phylogenetic level, appears a metabolic 

 stratification similar to that in the yeasts and bacteria. There seems 

 to be a gradual transition from the facultative anaerobic free-living 

 worms to the obligate anaerobic parasitic forms (16). As early as 

 1909 Lesser (16a) made important quantitative experiments on the 

 interrelation between respiration and fermentation in earthwonn 

 metabolism. He found that fennentation resulted in the con- 

 sumption of from four to six times as much glycogen. These same 

 ratios were later found by Meyerhof to hold likewise for frog 



* This organism has been referred to by a variety of names in the biochemi- 

 cal literature, including: Bacterium DelbrUckii, Lactobacillus Delbriikii, Bac- 

 terium cereale. Bacillus acidificans longissimus, etc. 



