DISCUSSION ON TUMOR RESPIRATION 237 



The data in Table 1 are the result of the collaboration of many 

 investigators, as indicated in the footnotes, and have been or are 

 being detailed elsewhere under respective authorships. They are 

 brought together here for the purpose of a broad and unified inter- 

 pretation and discussion at this meeting. 



Adult Liver 



The azo dye tumors reported upon in the table ofiFer an excellent 

 opportunity to determine not only whether their metabolism is dif- 

 ferent from the tissue of origin but also, if it is, to ascertain at what 

 stage or stages of tumor development the altered metabolism ap- 

 pears. The hepatomas, adenocarcinomas, metastases therefrom, and 

 necrotic material thereof, obtained from rats fed butter yellow, and 

 also the mouse tumor transplant derived originally from o-amino- 

 azotoluene feeding, all show the high anaerobic glycolysis and 

 low or intermediate respiratory quotient characteristic of malignant 

 tumors, and a considerably increased aerobic glycolysis as compared 

 with either normal rat or mouse liver. The respiration is not changed 

 significantly. There is a definite but relatively small anaerobic lactic 

 acid formation in "prc-cancerous," cirrhotic hver as compared with 

 normal liver; there is likewise a slight but quite definite increase 

 in "normal" lobes adjacent to tumor-bearing lobes and in livers of 

 rats protected against tumor formation and extensive liver damage 

 by butter yellow feeding. The aerobic glycolysis increases rather 

 abruptly, essentially at the onset of gross tumor formation, and cer- 

 tainly more abruptly than in the case of the anaerobic glycolysis, 

 where there is a small, but perfectly definite, several-fold increase 

 in the pre-cancerous liver as compared with the normal. The results 

 on tumor in Table 1 in good part confirm and extend the well-known 

 results of Nakatani, Nakano, and Ohara ( 10), who obtained, in fact, 

 relatively more pre-cancerous change in anaerobic glycolysis, though 

 hkewise none in the aerobic. For comparison with absolute and 

 not relative Q values, it is necessary to reduce the Japanese values 

 by four- to five-tenths to put them on an initial dry weight basis 

 corresponding to those in Table 1. 



Orr and Stickland ( 13, and previous preliminary communications) 

 reported, contrary to the results of Nakatani et al. and our own, 

 that they did not observe any change in the glycolytic metabolism 

 of liver tissue in the pre-cancerous stage of butter yellow treatment. 

 For the basis of their comparisons, however, they reported that 

 their normal hvers yielded anaerobic glycolysis Q values of 2-16 



