138 THE VITAMINS 



samples). In the work of Goldberger and colleagues (1925, 1928), 11 

 grams dried brewery yeast per day exercised definite, almost complete 

 black-tongue preventive action; and Goldberger and Tanner (1925) 

 found yeast very eflfective in pellagra. One to two cakes of compressed 

 yeast daily appeared, however, to have little effect on the Underhill- 

 Mendel deficiency disease in dogs. 



Milk. — In fresh whole milk (London winter supply) Aykroyd and 

 Roscoe reported 0.2 to 0.3 of their units per cubic centimeter. On the 

 basis of milk solids, evaporated and condensed milks appear about 

 equally potent. Skim milk powder contains from 3 to 5 Bourquin units 

 per gram. About 30 cubic centimeters fresh skim milk per kilogram 

 did not quite protect dogs against black-tongue (Goldberger et al., 

 1928) ; somewhat less than 20 cubic centimeters buttermilk per kilo had 

 protected humans against pellagra. (Goldberger and Tanner, 1924.) 



Fats. — Symptoms of vitamin G deficiency can be produced in rats 

 receiving as much as 8 per cent butterfat in the diet, or as much as 

 15 per cent hydrogenated vegetable oil. In the work of Goldberger et al. 

 (1928) butter appeared to contain some black-tongue preventive value 

 when fed in liberal amounts (5 to 7 grams per kilo dog). Since these 

 authors calculated that at least 775 grams butter daily would have to be 

 ingested per adult male per day to prevent pellagra they concluded that 

 butter is a relatively poor source of the pellagra-preventive factor ; but 

 in the prevention of the canine deficiency disease which Goldberger 

 considers analogous to pellagra, Underbill and Mendel found butter to 

 be quite efifective. Cod-liver oil was found inefifective by Goldberger and 

 Tanner (1924) for preventing human pellagra when ingested at a daily 

 rate of 2 grams per kilogram body weight, and it was ineffective in 

 preventing black-tongue in dogs at a level of over 4 grams per kilo. 

 (Goldberger et al., 1928.) Cottonseed oil appeared equally ineffective. 



Eggs. — Aykroyd and Roscoe (1929) found 0.5 to 1 of their units 

 of vitamin G (Bg) per gram of cooked egg yolk (2 to 4 units per gram 

 of dried egg yolk). Goldberger and coworkers reported (1928) cooked 

 dried egg yolk inferior to wheat germ, fresh beef or pork liver per unit 

 weight as a preventive against black-tongue ( 12 yolks per 2,400 calories 

 did not always afford protection to dogs). 



Meat and Fish. — Aykroyd and Roscoe (1929) found dried steak 

 to contain one and one-half to 2 units of vitamin G (Bo) corresponding 

 to one-half to one unit per gram of fresh lean beef ; and ox liver ap- 

 peared to be from 7 to 10 times more potent. Day (unpublished data) 

 finds liver 10 times as rich in vitamin G as is muscle. This relationship 

 between muscle and liver tissue agrees with the finding of Carlsson 



