172 THE VITAMINS 



ning to lose weight differs with individuals, the effect of averaging the 

 results is to blunt the typical peak of the weight curve. For this reason 

 there is also given in Fig. 7 the weight curve of an individual guinea 

 pig which shows in pronounced degree the initial fall in body weight 

 upon being placed on the basal diet {i.e., upon discontinuing allowance 

 of green food), followed by rapid growth in weight to a sharp maxi- 

 mum, then followed by rapid loss of weight after the onset of scurvy. 

 The weight curves in the majority of cases may be expected to be 

 intermediate in character between the two curves shown in Fig. 7. 



The survival periods of 15 successive animals kept upon the above basal 

 diet only were as follows : 33, 26, 27, 28, 34, 28, 27, 34, 26, 29, 32, 32, 

 32, 31, 34 days. At autopsy the findings which proved most significant 

 were : looseness of teeth, fragility of bones, enlargements and hemor- 

 rhages of joints and rib junctions. For full description of the pathology 

 of experimental scurvy the reader is referred to the monograph of 

 Hess (1920, pp. 122-125, 129-130). 



Quantitative Rating of Results. — The results obtained by Sherman, 

 La Mer and Campbell (1921a) on feeding the above-described basal 

 ration alone and with the addition of filtered juice of canned tomatoes 

 in measured amounts calculated to the basis of 300 grams of guinea 

 pig were in brief as follows : 



With no antiscorbutic there was good initial growth followed by 

 onset of scurvy symptoms, cessation of growth and great loss of weight 

 before death from scurvy which occurs at 26 to 34 days. Autopsy re- 

 veals in severe form all the typical signs of scurvy, notably hemorrhages, 

 fragility of bones, and looseness of teeth. (See table below.) 



With 1.0 cubic centimeter of tomato juice the duration of life is 

 prolonged and becomes less uniform than on the completely scorbutic 

 basal diet. The animals become lame and stiff before death and at death 

 show severe hemorrhages, fragile bones and loose teeth. 



With 1.5 cubic centimeters tomato juice the animals usually live 

 out the experimental period of 70 to 90 days after which it is unlikely 

 that death from scurvy will occur. Scurvy symptoms develop with 

 soreness and stiffness in the joints and usually with loss in body weight. 

 Hemorrhages and enlargements of rib junctions may become quite as 

 pronounced as in the previous cases. (Since the animals live longer 

 there is more time for these abnormalities to develop.) Fragility of the 

 bones and looseness of teeth are less marked than when less antiscor- 

 butic is given. 



With 2.0 cubic centimeters tomato juice growth after 15 days is 

 subnormal and animals show soreness of joints without noticeable stiff- 



