30 CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION IV 



formed by oxydative degradation. From lycopene itself and from the three 

 carotenes, numerous other pigments can then be derived by the introduction of 

 oxygen, hydroxyl, methoxyl or carbonyl groups. Finally, the oxidation of 

 certain of these compounds can give rise to the aldehydes and carboxylic acids 

 of the carotene series such as j3-citraurin and azafrin. 



TABLE 7 



FORMULAE OF THE NATURALLY OCCURRING CAROTENOIDS OF KNOWN STRUCTURE 



CH. CH, CH3 CH3 



\V \V 



C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 c 



y I I I I \ 



CH CH-CH=CH-C=CHCH=CH-C=CHCH=CHCH=C-CH=CHCH=C-CH=CH-CH CH 



I II 1 I 



CH2 C-CHs HsC-C CHa 



Lycopene \ / 



CH„ CH, 



CH, CH3 CH3 CH3 



\V \/ 



C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 C 



y I I I I y\ 



CH CH-CH=CH-C=CHCH=CH-C=CHCH=CHCH=C-CH=CHCH=C-CH=CH-C CH^ 



CH, C-CHj HgC-C CH2 



y-Carotene \ y' 



CH» CH» 



CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 



\y \y 



C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 c 



y\ 1 I ! 1 y\ 



CH. C-CH=CH-C=CHCH=CH-C=CHCH=CHCH=C-CH=CHCH=C-CH=CH-C CHj 



I II i I 



CHa C-CHj HsC-C CH^ 



\^ / /3-Carotene \ // 



CH» CHj 



CH, CH, CH3 CH3 



\y \y 



C CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 c 



y\ 1 1 1 ! y\ 



CH2 C-CH=CH-C=CHCH=CH-C=CHCH=CHCH=C-CH=CHCH=C-CH=CH-CH CH^ 



CH, C-CH3 HaC-C CH^ 



a-Carotene \^ y' 



CH, CH 



