REFERENCES 



15. DETERMINATION OF THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT 



51 



The molecular weight of carotenoids can be determined by R.\st's method^*' 

 as well as by other cryoscopic and ebuUioscopic methods. X-ray analysis has 

 also been employ ed^^. 



REFERENCES 



1. P. Karrer and E. Jucker, Helv. Chim. Acta 28 (1945) 300. 



2. R. WiLLSTATTER and E. Waldschmidt-Leitz, Ber. 54 (1921) 113. 



3. R. Adams and R. L. Shriner, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 45 (1923) 2171. — R. L. Shriner 

 and R. Adams, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 46 (1924) 1683. — M. Frankel, Abderhaldens 

 Handbuch der biologischen Arbeitsmethoden, part 12. — Cf. also H. Gilman and A. H- 

 Blatt, Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. I, and ed., 1941, p. 463. 



4. R. KuHN and E. F. Moller, Angew. Chem. 4j (1934) i45- 



5. L. Zechmeister and P. Tuzson, Ber. 62 (1929) 2226. 



6. R. Pummerer and L. Rebmann, Ber. 61 (192S) 1099; R. Pummerer, L. Rebmann and 

 W. Reindel, Ber. 62 (1929) 141 1. 



7. R. KuHN, A. WiNTERSTEiN and L. Karlovitz, Helv. Chim. Acta 12 (1929) 64. 



8. R. KuHN and L. Ehmann, Helv. Chim. Acta 12 {1929) 907; P. Karrer, A. Helfen- 

 STEiN, H. Wehrli and A. Wettstein, Helv. Chim. Acta 13 (1930) 1084. — R. Kuhn 

 and F. L'Orsa, Ber. 64 (1931) 1732; Angew. Chem. 44 (1931) 847. 



9. P. Karrer, A. Helfenstein, H. Wehrli and A. Wettstein, Helv. Chim. Acta 

 13 (1930) 1084. 



10. R. KuHN and H. Roth, Ber. 66 (1933) 1274. 



11. P. Karrer, A. Helfenstein, B. Pieper and A. Wettstein, Helv. Chim. Acta 14 

 (1931) 435. 



12. R. KuHN and H. Roth, Ber. 65 (1932) 1285. 



13. P. Karrer, A. Helfenstein and H. Wehrli, Helv. Chim. Acta 13 (1930) 87; 13 

 (1930) 268. 



14. B. Flaschentrager, Z. Physiol. Chem. 146 (1925) 219. 



15. H. Roth, Mikrochem. 11 (1932) 140. ■ — Cf. also Pregl-Roth, Quantitative organische 

 Mikro-analyse, 5th edition. Springer- Verlag, Vienna, 1947. 



16. P. Karrer and E. Jucker, Helv. Chim. Acta 28 (1945) 302. 



17. R. Kuhn and H. Brockmann, Ber. 66 (1933) 828. 



18. R. Criegee, Ber. 64 (1931) 260. 



19. Pregl-Roth, Quantitative organische Mikroanalyse, 5th edition. Springer- Verlag, 

 Menna, 1947. 



20. R. Kuhn and co-workers, Helv. Chim. Acta 11 (1928) 716; Ber. 64 (1931) 333. 



21. P. Karrer and A. Helfenstein, Helv. Chim. Acta 12 (1929) 1142. — P. Karrer, 

 A. Helfenstein, H. Wehrli and A. Wettstein, Helv. Chim. Acta 13 (1930) 1084. — 

 Cf. also R. Kuhn and A. Deutsch, Ber. 66 (1933) 8S3. — P. Karrer, Helv. 12 (1929) 

 558. 



22. P. Karrer and W. E. Bachmann, Helv. Chim. Acta 12 (1929) 285. — P. Karrer, 

 A. Helfenstein, B. Pieper and A. Wettstein, Helv. Chim. Acta 14 (1931) 435. 



23. R. Pummerer, L. Rebmann and W. Reindel, Ber. 64 (1931) 492. 



24. P. Karrer, A. Helfenstein, H. Wehrli and A. Wettstein, Helv. Chim. Acta 

 13 (1930) 1084. 



25. P. Karrer, R. Morf and O. Walker, Helv. Chim. Acta 16 (1933) 975. 



26. P. Karrer and co-workers, Helv. Chim. Acta 20 {1937) 682; 20 (1937) 1020, 1312; 

 21 {1938) 1171- 



27. R. Kuhn and H. Brockmann, cf. p. 139. 



