96 



DISTRIBUTION IN NATURE 



IX 



BERG*, taraxanthin, appear to predominate. It should be mentioned, however, 

 that most of the available data merely show that the occurrence of carotenoids 

 is probable. The designation of individual pigments appears unjustified in the 

 majority of cases since the pigments were neither isolated nor chromato- 

 graphically separated. It is probable that a carotenoid mixture was generally 

 obtained in which one component predominated and that only the absorption 

 bands of this component were observed in the spectroscopic determination. 

 A careful chromatographic analysis would probably have shown the presence 

 of other pigments as well. The carotenoids present in the eyes of fish mostly 

 include xanthophyll and taraxanthin{?) (cf. Lonnberg, Ref. 37, p. 109). 



TABLE 26 (References see p. 99-107) 



CAROTENOIDS IN FISH 



Ahramis brania^^". 



Agonus cataphractus^^" . 



Ammodytes lanceolaius^^'^. 



Anguilla anguilla^'"*: XanthophylP^^^ 

 carotene. 



Anther ina presbyter^'^: Xanthophyll. 



Aphiga minuia^''^: Taraxanthin. 



Arnoglossus megastoma^^^: Xanthophyll. 



Barbus fhwiatilis^^^. 



Belone belone^''^. 



Belone rostrata^^^. 



Beryx decadactylus^^*: Astacene^^^. 



Bothus maximus^''^: Taraxanthin. 



Bothus rhonibus^''^: Xanthophyll, tara- 

 xanthin. 



Callionymus lyra^^^' ^^^: Xanthophyll, 

 carotene. 



Carassius auratus^^'^' ^^^: Lycopene( ?)^**, 

 astacene, carotene. 



Caranx irachurus^''^: Xanthophyll. 



Centrolabrus exoletus^^'*: Astacene^'^, xan- 

 thophyll, taraxanthin. 



Clupea harengus^''^' ^*^: Xanthophyll, 

 taraxanthin. 



Coregonus albula^^'' (eggs) ; Asterm acid. 



Cottus bubalis^'^^' ^^^' ^^^: Carotene, xan- 

 thophyll, taraxanthin. 



Cottus scorpius (skin and muscles)^^'' ^^''.• 

 Xanthophyll, taraxanthin. 



Crenilabrus melops'^'^^' ^^°: Xanthophyll 

 or taraxanthin. 



Crenilabrus suillus^''^' ^^"i Taraxanthin 

 or xanthophyll. 



Cyclopterus lumpiis (fins)^^".' Taraxan- 

 thin or xanthophyll. 



Cyclopterus lumpus^'^^: Taraxanthin. 



Cyclopterus lumpus (liver)^*.- Astacene. 



Cyprinus auratus^^^ . 



Cyprinus carpio^^^. 



Eleginus navaga (Ovaries)^*^." ^-Caro- 

 tene, 3 phytoxanthins. 



Embiotocidae^^°: Carotene, a carotenoid 

 acid and a phytoxanthin. 



Esox anguilla^^°. 



Esox liicms^^°. 



Esox lucius (fins)^^^.' 2 Phytoxanthins, 

 similar to taraxanthin or eloxanthin 

 = xanthophyll epoxide. 



Esox lucius (liver) 3^^.- Xanthophyll. 



Esox lucius (roe)^^^." Carotene, xantho- 

 phyll. 



Esox lucius (spermatozoa) ^^^.' Carotene, 

 xanthophyll. 



Fundulus parvipinnis^^^: Taraxan- 

 thin ( ?), phytoxanthins. 



Gadiis aeglefinus^''^: Taraxanthin. 



Gadus caUarias^''^' ^^'^' ^^^\ Carotene, 

 xanthophyll, taraxanthin. 



* It is doubtful whetJaer the pigment tound by E. Lonnberg, Arkiv. Zool. 31 A (1938) 

 No. I is really taraxanthin as the latter is hypophasic and not epiphasic as described by 

 Lonnberg. 



** Unless otherwise stated, the data'^-^fer to skin. 



