igS 



CAROTENOIDS CONTAINING HYDROXYL GROUPS 



XI 



1912 WiLLSTATTER and EsCHER^® isolate lutein, later found to be a mixture 



of xanthophyll and zeaxanthin, from egg yolk. 

 1930-33 Karrer and co-workers^' elucidate the constitution of xanthophyll. 



Occurrence 



Xanthophyll is very widely distributed in nature. It is found together with 

 carotene and chlorophyll in all green parts of plants. It also occurs very 

 frequently in red and yellow blossoms, sometimes as an ester (e.g. as the di- 

 palmitic acid ester, helenien^^). 



According to a communication by Jungp-^^. xanthophyll occurs in various 

 green insects combined with protein. These findings, however, require further 

 confirmation. 



a) Blossoms: 

 Acacia decurrens var. 

 mollis 



Acacia discolor 

 Acacia linifolia 

 A cacia longi folia 

 Calendula officinalis 



Caltha palustris 



Ciicurbita Pepo 



Gazania rigens 



Genista tridentata 

 Helianthus annuus 



Heleniwtn autumnale 

 Kerria japonica 

 Lcontodon autumnalis 

 Ranunculus acer 



References p. 214-217. 



TABLE 43 



OCCURRENCE OF XANTHOPHYLL 



References 



R. KuHN, A. WiNTERSTEiN and E. Lederer, Z. 

 physiol. Chem. igy (1931) 141. 

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 do. 

 do. 



L. Zechmeister and L. v. Cholnoky, Z. physiol. 

 Chem. 208 (1932) 27. 



P. Karrer and A. Notthafft, Helv. chim. Acta 15 

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L. Zechmeister, T. Beres and E. Ujhelyi, Ber. 68 

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K. Sch5n, Biochem. J. 32 (1938) 1566. — L. Zech- 

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K. Schon and B. Mesquita, Biochem. J. 30 (1936) 

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R. Kuhn, A. Winterstein and E. Lederer, Z. 

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T. Ito, H. Suginome, K. Ueno and S. Watanabe, 

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C. A. Schunck, Proc. Roy. Soc. London 27 (1903) 165. 

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