carotenoids 

 refeJJiences 



1. Kylin, H. (1927), Z. physiol. Chem., 163, 229. 



2. Karrer, p., and Jucker, E. (1948), Carotinoide, Basel. Birkauser. 



3. BiDGOOD, J. (1905), y. Roy. Hort. Soc, 29, 463. 



4. SCHUNCK, C. A. (1903), Proc. Roy. Soc. London, 72, 165. 



5. KuHN, R., and Winterstein, A. (1930), Naturwiss., 18, 754. 



6. O'Connor, W. F., and Drxjmm, P. J. (1941), Nature, 147, 58. 



7. KuHN, R., Winterstein, A., and Wiegand, W. (1928), Helv. Chim. Acta, II, 716. 



8. Zechmeister, L., and Polgar, A. (1941), jf. biol. Chem., 140, 1. 



9. Karrer, P., and Notthafft, A. (1932), Helv. Chim. Acta, 15, 1195. 



10. Karrer, P., and Jucker, E. (1947), Helv. Chim. Acta, 30, 1774. 



11. KuHN, R^ and Brockmann, H. (1932), Hoppe-Seyl. Z., 213, 192. 



12. Karrer, P., Jucker, E., Rutschmann, J., and Steinlin, K. (1945), Helv. Chim. Acta, 28, 



1146. 



13. Escher, H. H. (1928), Helv. Chim. Acta, 11, 752. 



14. Karrer, P., and Jucker, E. (1946), Helv. Chim. Acta, 29, 1539. 



15. ITO, T., Suginone, H., Ueno, K., and Wanatabe, S. (1936), Bull. Soc. Chem. Japan, 11, 



470. 



16. SCHMID, L., and Polaczek-Wittek, A. (1939), Mikrochem., 27, 42. 



17. Petrie, J. M. (1924), Biochem. J., 18, 957. 



18. KuHN, R., Winterstein, A., and Lederer, E. (1931), Hoppe-Seyl. Z., 197, 141. 



19. SCHftN, K. (1936), Biochem. J., 30, 1960. 



20. Karrer, P., Jucker, E., Krause-Voith, E. (1947), Helv. Chim. Acta, 30, 538. 



21. Karrer, P., and Jucker, E. (1944), Helv. Chim. Acta, 27, 1585. 



22. Karrer, P., and Krause-Voith, E. (1947), Helv. Chim. Acta, 30, 1 158. 



23. KuHN, R., and Lederer, E. (1932), Hoppe-Seyl. Z., 213, 188. 



24. KuHN, R., and Winterstein, A. (1931), Ber. deutsch. chem. Ges., 64, 326, 



25. Karrer, P., and Rutschmann, J. (1942, 1944), Helv. Chim. Acta, 25, 1624 ; 27, 1684. 



26. Zechmeister, L., and Schroeder, W. A. (1942), Arch. Biochem., 1, 231. 



27. Zechmeister, L., B^res, T., and Ujhelyi, E. (1935, 1936), Ber. deutsch. chem. Ges., 68, 



1321 ; 69, 573. 



28. Zechmeister, L., and Cholnoky. L. (1932), Hoppe-Seyl. Z., 208, 27. 



29. Karrer, P., and jucker, E. (1943), Helv. Chim. Acta, 26, 626. 



30. Karrer, P., Jucker, E. and Rutschmann, J. (1945), Helv. Chim. Acta, 28, 1 156. 



31. SchSn, K. (1938), Biochem. J., 32, 1566. 



32. Zechmeister, L., and Schroeder, W. A. (1943), J. Anter. Chem. Soc, 65, 1535. 



33. Zechmeister, L., and Tuzson, P. (1930, 1934), Ber. deutsh. chem. Ges., 63, 3203 ; 67, 170. 



34. Karrer, P., Jucker, E., and Steinlin, K. (1947), Helv. Chim. Acta, 30, 531. 



35. Karrer, P., and Salomon, H. (1930), Helv. Chim. Acta, 13, 1063. 



36. Kuhn, R., and Lederer, E. (1931), Hoppe-Seyl. Z., 200, 108. 



37. Karrer, P., and More, R. (1932), Helv. Chim. Acta, 15, 863. 



39. Strain, H. H. (1938), J. biol. Chem., 123, 425. 



40. Karrer, P., and Leumann, E. (1951), Helv. Chim. Acta., 34, 445. 



41. Strain, H. H., Manning, W. M., and Hardin, G. J. (1944), Biol. Bull. Woods Hole, 86, 



625. 



42. Schroeder, W. A. (1942), 7. Amer. chem. Soc, 64, 2510. 



their properties). Lycopene probably occurs in the anthers of Dahlia 

 species*®® and carotene and lutein in the anthers of tulips and 

 narcissi. * ® * 



Carotenoids were first noted in pollen as early as 1892 when Bertrand 

 and Poirault * ^ ° detected them in the pollen of Verbascum thapsiforme. 

 The subject was not reinvestigated until some fifteen years ago when 

 Strain, ^ ' using physico-chemical methods, could not demonstrate 

 the presence of these pigments in Pinus radiata and P. ponderosa. Later, 

 Sekine and Li, * " ^ using the biological assay technique, could find no 

 vitamin A-active carotenoids in the closely related P. densiflora and P. 

 thunbergi. The yellow pigment obtained from the pollen of the broad- 

 leaved reedmace (Typha latifolia) by Tischer^o^ a^j named sporo- 

 pollenien is not a carotenoid. 



