MAMMALIAN CAROTENOIDS 

 REFERENCES TO TABLE 42. 



1. Kimble, M. S. (1939), J. Lab. Clin. Med., 24. 1055. 



2. Daniel, E., and Beres, T. (1936), Hoppe-Seyl. Z., 238, 160. 



3. Menken, J. G. (1934), Maandschr. Kindergeneesk.,4, 22. 



4. Raoul, Y., and Janst, M. M. (1941), Bull. Soc. Chim. bioL, 23, 78. 



5. Abt, a. F., Aron, H. C. S., Bimmerle, J. F., Bundesen, H. N., Delaney, M. A., Fagen, 



H. J., Farmer, C. T., Wenger, O. C, and White, J. L. (1942), Quart, bull. N. West. 

 Univ. Med. Sch., 16, 241. 



6. MURRILL, W. A., Horton, P. B., Leiberman, E., and Newburgh, L. H. (1941), J. Clin. 



Invest., 20, 395. 



7. Yarbrough, M. E., and Dann, W. J. (1941), J. Nutrit., 22, 597. 



8. Caveners, H. L., Satterfield, G. H., and Dann, W. J. (1941), Arch. Opthal., 25, 827. 



9. YUDKIN, S. (1941), Biocheni. J., 35, 551. 



10. Shank, R. E., Coburn, A. F., Moore, L. V., and Hoagland, C. L. (1944), J. Clin. Invest., 



23, 289. 



11. Lewis, J. M., Bodansky, O., Lillienfeld, M. C. C, and Schneider, H. (1949), Amer. 



y. Dis. Children, 73, 143. 



12. Kirk, E., and Chieffi, M. (1948), Jf. Nutrit., 36, 315. 



13. Haig, C, and Patek, A. J. (1942), y. Clin. Invest., 21, 309. 



14. Haig, C, and Patek, A. J. (1942), y. Clin. Invest., 21, 377. 



15. Krause, R. F., and Pierce, H. B. (1947), y. Nutrit., 33, 633. 



16. Henley, T. H,, Dann, M., and Golden, W. R. C. (1944), Amer. y. Dis. Children, 68, 257. 



17. Darby, W. J., Kaser, M. M., and Jones, E. (1947), y. Nutrit., 33, 243. 



18. Cayer, D., Ruffin, J. M., and Perlzweig, W. A. (1945), Amer. y. Med. Set., 210, 200. 



19. Byrn, J. N., and Eastman, N. J. (1943), Bull, yohns Hop. Hasp., 73, 132. 



20. Bodansky, O., Lewis, J. M., and Lillienfeld, M. C. C. (1943), J. Clin. Invest., 22, 643. 



21. Campbell, D. A., and Tonks, E. L. (1949), Brit. Med. y., II, 1499. 



22. Yiengst, M. J., and Shock, N. W. (1949), y. Gerontol, 4, 205. 



23. Leitner, Z. a. (1951), Brit. y. Nutrit., 5, 130. 



24. Concha, E., Atria, A., and Sabah, D. (1950), Rev. Med. Chile, 78, 791. 



Carotenoid Assimilators other THAN Man 



A study of the data of Jensen and With, ^ ^ ' who examined the liver 

 carotenoids of a large number of mammals, indicates that only the fox, 

 Canis vulpes, and the fitchet, Mustela putorius, resemble humans in 

 storing both carotenes and xanthophylls without any sign of pre- 

 ference. However, there are some indications that the badger {Males 

 taxus) and the roedeer {Capreolus capreolus) are in the same category. 



MAMMALS PRIMARILY CAROTENE ASSIMILATORS 

 Cattle 



The preferential accumulation of carotene in the tissues of cows 

 was first noted in the pioneer work of Palmer and Eckles. ''^ The 

 carotenes constitute 92-95 per cent, of the total carotenoids 

 present ^ ^ ^' ^ •* * although small amounts of xanthophylls such as 

 lutein (xanthophyll) and cryptoxanthin do, however, occur. ^ '^ ^- ^ ^ ^ 

 P-Carotene is, naturally, the chief component of the carotene fraction 

 but a-carotene ^ 1 *•• 1 ^ ^' 1 1 ^ and lycopene^^" are present in varying 

 small amounts. 



Plasma 



The carotenoid content of cows' plasma shows a marked seasonal 

 variation which has been firmly established by a very large number 

 of workers ; in other words the plasma (and milk and butter) levels 



237 



