MORPHOLOGY 



53 



(Fig. 168, c), etc., each axial spine is connected with 10-30 myo- 

 nemes (myophrisks) originating in the body surface. When these 

 myonemes contract, the body volume is increased, thus in this 

 case functioning as a hydrostatic organella. 



In Isoiricha prostoma and /. iritestinalis, Schuberg (1888) 

 observed that the nucleus is suspended by ectoplasmic fibrils and 



Fig. 15. a, b, fibrillar structures of the stalk of Zoothamnium (Kolt- 

 zoff); 0, myonemes in Gregarina (Schneider), ef, elastic fiber; ie, inner 

 envelope; k, kinoplasm; oe, outer envelope; t, thecoplasm. 



called the apparatus karyophores. In some forms these fibrils 

 are replaced by ectoplasmic membranes as in Nyctotherus ovalis 

 (Zuluta; Kudo), ten Kate (1927) studied fibrillar systems in 

 Opalina, Nyctotherus, Ichthyophthirius, Didinium, and Balantid- 

 ium, and found that there are numerous fibrils, each of which 

 originates in a basal granule of a cilium and takes a transverse or 

 oblique course through the endoplasm, ending in a basal granule 

 located on the other side of body. He further noted that the cyto- 



