MORPHOLOGY 71 



zoan Golgi apparatus and secretes the fluid waste material into 

 the vacuole from which it is excreted to the exterior. According 

 to Brown, there is no blackening by osmic impregnation of the 

 contractile vacuole in Amoeba proteus, but fusion of minute vacu- 

 oles associated with crescentic Golgi bodies produces the vacuole. 

 Duboscq and Grasse who hold that the parabasal body is the 

 Golgi apparatus, maintain that this body is a source of energy 

 which is utilized by the motor organellae. Joyet-Lavergne pointed 

 out that in certain sporozoans the Golgi apparatus is granular and 

 may be the center of enzyme production. The exact morpho- 

 logical and physiological information of the Golgi apparatus must 

 be looked for in future observations. 



The chondriosomes 



Widely distributed in many metazoan cells, the chondriosomes 

 have also been recognized in various Protozoa. The chondriosomes 

 possess a low refractive index, and are composed of substances 

 easily soluble in alcohol, acetic acid, etc. Janus green B stains 

 them even in 1 : 500,000 solution, but stains also other inclusions, 

 such as the Golgi bodies (in some cases) and certain bacteria. Ac- 

 cording to Horning (1926), janus red is said to be a more exclusive 

 chondriosome stain, as it does not stain bacteria. The chemical 

 composition of the chondriosome seems to be somewhat similar to 

 that of the Golgi body; namely, it is a protein compounded with 

 a lipoidal substance. If the protein is small in amount, it is said to 

 be unstable and easily attacked by reagents; on the other hand, 

 if the protein is relatively abundant, it is more stable and resist- 

 ant to reagents. 



The chondriosomes occur as small spherical to oval granules, 

 rod-like or filamentous bodies, and show a tendency to adhere to 

 or remain near protoplasmic surfaces. In many cases they are dis- 

 tributed without any definite order; in others, as in Paramecium 

 or Opalina, they are regularly arranged between the basal gran- 

 ules of cilia (Horning). In Peranema trichophorum (Fig. 26), ac- 

 cording to Hall, the chondriosomes are said to be located along 

 the spiral striae of the pellicle. Causey (1925) noticed in Leish- 

 mania hrasiliensis usually eight spherical chondriosomes in each 

 individual, which become rod-shaped when the organism divides. 

 He further observed spherical and rod-like chondriosomes in 

 Noctiluca scintillans. 



