AMOEBINA 321 



strands radiating from endosome to membrane; a ring made up 

 of numerous rod-shaped chromatin bodies in the nuclear-sap 

 zone; 1 or more contractile vacuoles; apparently the most primi- 

 tive parasitic amoeba; parasitic on Hydra. 



H. hydroxena (Entz) (Fig. 147, c, d). Parasitic in various species 

 of Hydra; first observed by Entz; Wermel found 90 per cent of 

 Hydra he studied in Russia were infected by the amoeba; Rey- 

 nolds and Looper stated that infected Hydra die on an average in 

 6.8 days and that the amoebae disappear in 4-10 days if removed 

 from a host Hydra. More or less spheroidal, with blunt pseudo- 

 pods; 60-380^1 in diameter; nucleus shows some 20 refractile pe- 

 ripheral granules in hfe; contractile vacuoles; food vacuoles con- 

 tain host cells; multiplication by binary fission; encystment has 

 not been observed. 



Family 4 Paramoebidae Poche 



Genus Paramoeba Schaudinn. The amoeba possesses a nucleus 

 and nucleus-like secondary cytoplasmic structure, both of which 

 multiply by division simultaneously; free-living or parasitic. 



P. pigmentifera (Grassi) (Fig. 147, e). About SO/i long; slug- 

 gish; cytoplasm distinctly differentiated; secondary body larger 

 than the nucleus; flagellated swarmers are said to occur; parasitic 

 in coelom of Chaetognatha such as Sagitta claparedei, Spadella 

 hipunctata, S. inflata, and S. serratodentata. 



P. schaudinni Faria, da Cunha et Pinto. About 7-22// in diame- 

 ter; in salt water; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 



References 



BoECK, W. C. and C. W. Stiles 1923 Studies on various intesti- 

 nal parasites (especially amoebae) of man. U. S. Public 

 Health Service, Hyg. Lab. Bull., No. 133. 



Cash, J. 1905 The British freshwater Rhizopoda and Heliozoa. 

 Vol. 1. 



Chalkley, H. W. and G. E. Daniel 1933 The relation between 

 the form of the living cell and the nuclear phases of division 

 in Amoeba proteus (Leidy). Physiol. Zool., Vol. 6. 



Craig, C. F. 1934 Amebiasis and amebic dysentery. Springfield. 



DoBELL, C. and F. W. O'Connor 1921 The intestinal Protozoa 

 of man. 



KiRBY, H., Jr. 1927 Studies on some amoebae from the termite 

 Microtermes, with notes on some other Protozoa from the 

 Termitidae. Quart. Jour. Micr. Sci., Vol. 71. 



