586 PROTOZOOLOGY 



bearing spines (about 12^ long); 16-19 or more ventral ciliary- 

 rows; 2 spherical macronuclei, one anterior right and the other 

 posterior left of hump; micronuclei 4 (2-5); 89-165yu by 60-96^; 

 salt marsh pools with salinity 1.2-6 per cent in California. 



P. emmae S. 90-lOOju long; creeping on bottom; Woods Hole. 



Family 8 Licnophoridae Stevens 



Genus Licnophora Claparede. Discoid; body roughly divisible 

 into foot, neck and head; foot an attaching disc, with several con- 

 centric ciliary coronas; neck flattened, contractile narrowed part 

 with or without a ventral furrow and fibril-bundles (both running 

 from oral groove to foot); head highly flattened, round or ovoid; 

 edge with membranellar zone which extends to pharyngeal fun- 

 nel; macro nucleus long chain-form; without contractile vacuole; 

 free-swimming or commensal in fresh or salt water animals. 



L. macfarlandi Stevens (Fig. 265, i). 140-180^ long; attaching 

 disc round; macronuclei in 25-35 parts in 4 groups; commensal in 

 respiratory organs of Holothuria California. 



L. conklini S. (Fig. 265, j)- 100-135m long; commensal in Crepi- 

 dula plana of Atlantic coast. 



References 



Hegner, R. 1934 Specificity in the genus Balantidium based on 



size and shape of body and marconucleus, with description of 



six new species. Amer. Jour. Hyg., Vol. 19. 

 Kahl, a. 1932 Urtiere oder Protozoa. In Dahl's Die Tierwelt 



Deutschlands. Part 15. 

 KiRBY Jr., H. 1934 Some ciliates from salt marshes in Cali- 

 fornia. Arch. f. Protistenk., Vol. 82. 

 Kudo, R. R. 1936 Studies on Nydotherus ovalis Leidy, with 



special reference to its nuclear structure. Ibicf., Vol. 87. 

 and P. A. Meglitsch 1938 On Balantidium praenucte- 



atum n.sp., inhabiting the colon of Blatta orientalis. Ibid., Vol. 



91. 

 McDonald, J. D. 1922 On Balantidiurn coli (Malmsten) and B. 



suis (sp. nov.). Uni. Calif. Publ. Zool., Vol. 22. 

 Powers, P. B. A. 1935 Studies on the ciliates of sea urchins. 



Papers from Tortugas Lab., Vol. 29. 

 Stevens, N. M. 1903 Further studies on the ciliate Infusoria, 



Licnophora and Boveria. Arch. f. Protistenk., Vol. 3. 



