INDEX 



737 



Pyridoxal — Continued 



structure, 8 



sparing action on amino acids, 185 

 Pyridoxamine (see also pyridoxine, Vita- 

 min B 6 coenzyme) 



analogues, 658-659 



assay methods, 59-61 



biological activity, 655-656 



formation from pyridoxal phosphate, 

 177 



isolation, 654 



phosphate, 7, 36, 178 



structure, 8 



sparing action on amino acids, 184 

 4-Pyridoxic acid, 288, 290, 364, 657-658 

 Pyridoxine, 



acid-labile forms, 37 



analogues, 288 



antagonistic effects, 295 



as storage form, 86 



assay methods, 59-61 



biological activity, 652-654, 656 



biosynthesis, 86-87 



coenzymes (see vitamin B 6 coenzymes) 



combined forms, 36 



distribution, 36 



effect of autoclaving on, 176 



effect of protein on requirements of, 

 278 



effect of species size on requirements 

 of, 320 



essentiality of, 187 



excretion of, 365 



extraction, 36 



inhibitory analogues, 659-666 



metabolism, 364 



pharmacological action, 390 



relation to fat metabolism, 185-186 



relation to growth of plants, 86-87 



requirements, 317, 318 



specificity, 652-654 



structure, 8 



toxicity, 390 

 Pyridoxine deficiency, 



biochemical aspects, 428 



symptomology, 426-427 

 Pyrimidines, 



folic acid in synthesis of, 202 



PABA in synthesis of, 201 



vitamins required in synthesis of, 233- 

 234 

 Pyrophosphate bond, energy from, 163 

 Pyruvate oxidation factor, 16 ff 

 Pyruvic acid, 



acetate-lactate dismutation of, 164 



acetoin from, 161 



aerobic oxidation, without phosphate, 

 166 



aerobic utilization of, 165, 220 



anaerobic utilization of, 220 



as hydrogen acceptor, 220 



/3-decarboxylation of, 221 



Pyruvic acid — Continued 

 decarboxylation of, 158, 160, 221 

 formic acid production from, 162 

 phosphoroclastic cleavage of, 163 

 reduction after carboxylation, 220-221 



Pyruvism, in insects, 312 



"Quadratic" inhibition, 454 



Quinine, relation to riboflavin coenzymes, 



679-681 

 Quinine oxidase, 296 

 Quinolinic acid, formation of, 287, 355, 



357 



Random urine specimens, 255 



Rat carcass, vitamin B content of, 254 



Rats, requirement for B vitamins, 326 



requirement for vitamin B a , 299 



strain differences, 265 

 Reaction rate, 



effect of substrate in inhibition of, 450 



in absence of inhibition, 451 



in competitive inhibition, 451 



in noncompetitive inhibition, 451 

 Reactions, 



reversibility of, 101 



types of biochemical, 103 

 Recommended daily intake of B vita- 

 mins, 254 

 Redox dyes, 131 

 Redox potential, 130 

 Redox systems, coupled with nicotinic 



acid coenzyme, 141 

 "Refection," 298 

 Relaparotomy, B vitamin deficiency 



after, 272 

 Reproduction, 



B vitamin deficiency and, 381-382 



essentiality of B vitamins in, 383 

 Requirements for B vitamins (see also 

 individual vitamins) 



bioassay methods, in humans, 252 



comparative studies of, 246 et seq. 



criteria in fixing of, 245 



effect of age on, 265-266 



effect of anoxia on, 272 



effect of caloric intake on, 276 



effect of carbohydrates on, 276 



effect of climate on, 267 



effect of customs on, 282 



effect of disease on, 272 



effect of fats on, 276 



effect of fever on, 273 



effect of illness on, 271 



effect of injury on, 272 



effect of intestinal flora on, 297 



effect of lactation on, 269 



affect of metabolic rate on, 273 



affect of other nutritional components 

 on, 275-276 



effect of pregnancy on, 269 



effect of proteins on, 276 



