HYPOPHYSEAL MORPHOLOGY 



17' 



stained cells. These terms are expressive 

 of the relative affinity of the two types 

 of granules in a species in which such a dif- 

 ferentiation is obtained. The term "orange- 

 ophil cell" means the cell whose granules 

 show the greater tendency to orange 

 staining; the term "carminophil cell" means 

 the cell whose granules show the greater 

 tendency to be stained red, whether by 

 azocarmine, acid fuchsin, or erythrosin. 

 The equivalence of the three methods 

 was demonstrated in the dog by Hart- 

 mann, Fain and Wolfe (1946), and by 

 Goldberg and Chaikof! (1952a). I find that 

 Crossmon's method gives in the human pi- 

 tuitary an equivalent differentiation to that 

 obtained by Romeis (1940) with a modified 

 azan method (Fig. 3.6). The results are 

 most convincing when a differentiation is 

 obtained by Crossmon's method, because in 

 this method the differentiation appears 

 spontaneously on staining the slide in an 

 acidified mixture of orange G and acid 

 fuchsin. The ease with which the differentia- 

 tion is achieved varies in different species. 

 In the sheep the Crossmon method gives 

 two shades of red-orange or orange-red that 

 are distinguished from each other only with 

 difficulty, whereas in the dog the colors are 

 pure orange and pure red. The azan method 

 permits of modifications both in the solu- 



tions and the sequence which allows it to 

 be accommodated to the varying staining 

 pro]X'rties in different species. The azan 

 method, therefore, allows differentiations to 

 be obtained that are not possible by simpler 

 methods. For this versatility a price must 

 be paid in the form of a tendency to in- 

 consistent and variable results. 



An orangeophil-carminophil distinction 

 has been reported in the hypophyses of the 

 dog (Wolfe, Cleveland and Campbell, 1933; 

 Hartmann, Fain and Wolfe, 1946) ; arma- 

 dillo (Oldham, 1938) ; rabbit and cat (Daw- 

 son and Friedgood, 1937, 1938a; Dawson, 

 1939; Friedgood and Dawson, 1940); man 

 (Romeis, 1940); bovine (Gilmore, Petersen 

 and Rasmussen, 1941); opossum (Dawson, 

 1938); ferret (Dawson, 1946); monkey 

 (Dawson, 1948) ; l)at (Herlant, 1956a) ; and 

 wallaby (Ortman and Griesbach, 1958). In 

 vertebrates other than mammals two types 

 of acidophils have been recognized in the 

 hypophyses of birds (Rahn, 1939; Rahn 

 and Painter, 1941; Payne, 1942. 1943); 

 snakes (Hartmann, 1944; Cieslak, 1945); 

 newts (Copeland, 1943); fishes (Scruggs, 

 1939) ; and frogs (Green, 1951). 



It is not certain that the two types of cells 

 observed in some of the above investigations 

 were both acidophils. Mikami (1957) con- 

 siders the cells stained orange by the azan 



Fig. 3.6 (/(,;/ ) >( i i nm <.i i Ik p.-u- anterior of the dog showmti iwti i\ |i<- <>[ ,i< iiLiplnl cell 

 as seen after Crossmon staining. (1) Orangeophils; {2) carminopliils. Crossmon, X 820. 



Fig. 3.7 (right). The same section as Fig. 3.6 decolorized and restained by PAS. The 

 orangeophils (1) are pale, whereas the carminophils (2) are distinctly stained. Other cell- 

 which are more intensely colored by PAS than by Crossmon, are basophils. PAS, X 810. 



