

\y^^[' J^ 



6 



THE ACCESSORY REPRODUCTIVE 

 GLANDS OF MAMMALS 



Dorothy Price, Ph.D. 



PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 



and 

 H. Guy Williams- Ashmari, Ph.D. 



ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, BEN MAY LABORATORY, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO 



L Gross Structure, Homologies, and I. Gross Structure, Homologies, and 



Occurrence in Mammalian Orders. 366 Occurrence in Mammalian 



A. Introduction c566 „ , 



B. General Characteristics 367 Ureters 



C. Survey of the Glands 368 j^ INTRODUCTION 



1. Bulbo-urethral and bulbovestibu- ^, • , , ^ , , 



la,!- 368 The genital system of male mammals con- 



2. Male and female prostate glands. . 369 sists of three component parts. These are: 



3. Seminal vesicles 376 ( 1) paired testes, the primary sex organs in 



4. Ampullary glands ■ • ■ • ■ 376 ^^^j^j^j-, spermatozoa are formed and andro- 



U. Evolutionarv Historv of Accessory • i j. j /ov 



Reproductive Glands in Mammals 376 g^nic hormones are secreted; (2) accessory 



II. Function ofMale Accessory Glands.. 377 reproductive organs, a continuous series of 



A. Introduction 377 ducts in which spermatozoa are transported 



B. Volumetric Studies of Secretion 378 fpo^ the testes, stored in the tail of the epi- 



1. Prostatic isolation operation^. 378 .^^^^ ■ ^nd finallv carried to the exterior 



2. Prostatic translocation operation. 380 , - . , ,. ' , 



C. Chemical Composition of the Glandu- ^^hen ejaculation occurs, and various 



lar Secretions 380 glands, the secretions of which provide the 



I). Metabolism of the Prostate and Sem- carrying medium for the spermatozoa at 



inal Vesicle 394 emission ; ( 3) external genitalia, the penis 



K. Coagulation of Semen 396 , , , . , , 



III. Structure and Function in Relation ^r copuhitory organ and, m most mammals, 



TO Hormones 398 i^ scrotum in which the testes come to lie 



A. Introduction 398 more or less permanently, or only periodi- 



B. Effects of Androgens 399 p.^Hy during the breeding season. 



1. Testicular andn,gens 399 ^^ ^^jj^ -^ ^j^^ epithelial lining of the 



2. Adrenal androgens 423 / . i i j r l ^ c 



3. Ovarian androgens 424 ^ttcrent, epididymal, and deferent parts of 



4. Progesterone 425 the duct system have secretory functions, 



C. Effects of Estrogens 426 but all male mammals develop discrete and 



I). Hormonal Control ()f Spontaneous ^^^ specialized glands which are associated with 



1. Benign growtU.''""^ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 429 ^Pecific regions of the reproductive tract and 



2. Prostatic cancer 430 eject their secretions into it at seminal 



E. I'^ffects of Carcinogenic Aromatic Hy emission. The degree of development of 



drocarbons 430 these large, conspicuous glands is a unique 



F. Effects of Nonsteroid Hormones 433 .ij^r^cteristic of mammals. 



1. I'rolactin (LTH) 433 _, i x- i j u 



2. Growth hormone (STH) 434 The accessory reproductive glands can be 



IV. References 435 grouped logically into those ^vhich arise 



366 



