410 



PHYSIOLOGY OF GONADS 



'0 (?rCf 



f-\ 



m 



m 



^ 



Figs. 6.32-6.36. Rat seminal vesicle; camera lucida drawing.s ,: 3000. Figs. 6.32-6.34. Manu- 

 Kopsch preparations for Golgi apparatus. Fig. 6.32. Normal male. Fig. 6.33. 20-day castrate. 

 Fig. 6.34. 20-day castrate injected with testis extract. Fig. 6.35. 10-day castrate. Fig. 6.36. 20- 

 day castrate injected with testis extract. (From C. R. Moore, W. Hughes and T. F. Gallagher, 

 Am. J. Anat., 45, 71-107, 1930.) 



Gonadectomy causes gradual reduction 

 and disappearance of alkaline phosphatase 

 activity (Dempsey, Greep and Deane, 1949; 

 Melampy and Cavazos, 1953) and hypophy- 

 sectomy, with consequent diminution of 

 testicular hormones, gives similar results 

 (Dempsey, Greep and Deane, 1949). Bern 

 and Levy (1952) reported some retention of 

 alkaline phosphatase activity in the fibro- 

 muscular tissue of castrates. Acid phospha- 

 tase activity decreased within 10 days fol- 

 lowing castration (Melampy and Cavazos, 

 1953). 



In early experiments (Moore, Hughes 

 and Gallagher, 1930) , administration of bull 

 testis extracts to castrated rats maintained 

 normal histologic structure or repaired in- 

 volutional changes (Figs. 6.34 and 6.36), 



and androsterone, testosterone, and testos- 

 terone propionate gave similar resvdts 

 (Moore and Price, 1937, 1938). Androgen 

 treatment in castrates produced detectable 

 changes within 2 days. Burkhart (1942 1 

 observed cell hypertrophy ahd enlargement 

 of nuclei 23 hours after a single injection 

 of testosterone propionate into 40-day cas- 

 trates; mitotic activity began at 35 hours 

 and reached a maximum at 43 hours. Cava- 

 zos and Melampy (1954) treated castrates 

 with testosterone propionate and found in- 

 creases in nuclear diameter within 12 hours, 

 cell height within 24 hours, and nucleolar 

 size l)y 36 hours; mitotic activity was evi- 

 dent at 48 hours. The same hormone re- 

 stoi'cd normal alkaline and acid phospha- 

 tase activity in castrates within 10 days 



