632 



PHYSIOLOGY OF GONADS 



remove .some hypothalamic restraining 

 mechanism on the release of jn'olactin and 

 probably of other anterior-pituitary hor- 

 mones (Sulman and Winnik, 1956; Benson, 

 Cowie and Tindal, 1958), an effect which, 

 if confirmed, may throw light on the be- 

 havior of pituitary transplants in sites re- 

 mote from the median eminence. 



VII. Conclusion 



Any reader familiar with the chajiter on 

 the mammary gland in the previous edition 

 of this book cannot fail to note the main 

 directions in which the subject has advanced 

 in the intervening two decades. These re- 

 flect, as they are bound to do, the road taken 

 by the science of endocrinology itself, a road 

 leading to greater biochemical understand- 

 ing on the one hand and to ever closer rap- 

 prochement with neurophysiology on the 

 other. 



The mammary gland offers unique oppor- 

 tunities of studying the biochemical mecha- 

 nisms of hormone action because it is an 

 organ with quite exceptional synthetic capa- 

 bilities, an organ which is perhaps the most 

 comprehensive hormone target in the mam- 

 malian body. Biochemists are entering this 

 promising field in increasing numbers and 

 we may expect to reap the fruits of their 

 labors in the future. 



VIII. References 



Abraham, S., Cady, P., and Chaikoff, I. L. 1957. 

 Effect of insulin in vitro on pathways of glu- 

 cose utilization, other than Embden-Meyerhof, 

 in rat mammarv gland. J. Biol. Cliem., 224, 

 955-962. 



Ahren, K. 1959. The effect of various do.^es of 

 estrone and progesterone on the mammary 

 glands of castrated hypophysectomized rats 

 injected with insulin. Acta endocrinol., 30, 435- 

 458. 



Ahren, K., and Etienne, M. 1957. The develop- 

 ment of the mammary gland in normal and 

 castrated male rats after the age of 21 days. 

 Acta physiol. scandinav., 41, 283-300. 



Ahren, K., .\nd Etienne, M. 1958. Stimulation 

 of mammary glands in hypophysectomized 

 male rats treated with ovarian hormones and 

 insulin. Acta endocrinol., 28, 89-102. 



Ahren, K., and Jacoksoun, D. 1956. Mammary 

 gland growth in hypophy-sectomized rats in- 

 jected with ovarian hormones and insulin. Ada 

 physiol. scandinav., 37, 190-203. 



Ahren, K., and Jacobsohn, D. 1957. The action 

 of cortisone on tlip mammary glands of rats 



imder various states of hormonal imbalance. 



Acta phy.siol. scandinav., 40, 254-274. 

 [Al'tman, a. D.] A.abTMaH, A. JX. 1945. Hsm- 



eneHHH b BbiMenn KopoB b nporiecce pasAOH. 



Vestnik Zhivotn., 1, 85-96. 

 Andersson, B. 1951a. Some observations on the 



neurohormonal regulations of milk ejection. 



Acta physiol. scandinav., 23, 1-7. 

 Andersson, B. 1951b. The effect and localization 



of electrical stimulation of certain parts of the 



brain stem in sheep and goats. Acta physiol. 



scandinav., 23, 8-23. 

 Andersson, B. 1951c. Further studies on the milk 



ejection mechanism in sheep and goats. Acta 



physiol. scandinav., 23, 24-30. 

 Ardran, G. M., Cowie, A. T., .-^nd Kemp, F. H. 



1957. A cineradiographic study of the teat 

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Ardrax, G. M., Cowie. A. T., and Kemp, F. H. 



1958. Further obser\ations on the teat sinus 

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 809. 



Ardran, G. M., Kemp, F. H., and Lind. J. 1958a. 

 A cineradiographic studv of bottle feeding. 

 Brit. J. Radiol., 31, 11-22. 



Ardr.\n, G. M., Kemp, F. H., .\nd Lind, J. 1958b. 

 A cineradiographic studv of breast feeding. 

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Ardran, G. M., and Kemp. F. H. 1959. A correla- 

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AvERiLL, S. C, R.\Y, E. W., .\ND Lyons, W. R. 

 1950. Maintenance of pregnancy in hypophy- 

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Bailey, G. L.. B.artlett, S, and Folley, S. J. 1949 

 Use of L-thyroxine by mouth for stimulating 

 milk secretion in lactating cows. Nature, Lon- 

 don, 163, 800. 



Balinsky. B. I. 1950a. On the prenatal growth 

 of the mammarv gland rudiment in the mouse. 

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Balin.sky. B. I. 1950b. On the doxelopmental 

 lirocos.ses in niammary glands and other e\n- 

 (Iciinal slmctures. Tr. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 

 62, Part 1, 1-31. 



Balmaix, J. H., Cox, C. P., FoLLEY, S. J., and 

 MrNAUfiHT, M. L. 1954. The bioassay of 

 insulin in vitro by manometric measurements 

 on slices of mammary glands. J. Endocrinol., 

 11,269-276. 



Balmain, J. H., AND FoLi.EY, S. J. 1951. Further 

 ob.'^ervations on the iti vitro stimulation bv 

 insulin of fat synthesis by lactating mammary 

 gland slices. Biochem. J., 49, 663-670. 



Balmain, J. H., Folley, S. J., and Glascock, R. F. 

 1952. Effects of insulin and of glycerol in 

 vitro on the incorporation of (carboxy-C) 

 acctale into the fatty acids of lactating mam- 

 mary gland .slicrs with special refoi-(>nce to sjjc- 

 .•ics diffcnences. Biochem. J., 52, 301-306. 



Bar(;.m\\n. \V., and Knoop, A. 1959. Uber die 

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