134 CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA 



into ten tribes, primarily on the cultural characters, or physiological activities. This 

 is sufficient to show clearly how little bacteriologists have been able to agree on evalua- 

 tion of the actual relations of these various characters. 



I SUMMARY OF "eUBACTERIALES" 



1 



Within the Eubacteriales the final report of the Committee forms the largest rium- 

 ber of families, and may consequently be used as a basis. The accompanying chart 

 shows the general relations and the variations in content of most of the European 

 and American classifications, except those which depart so far from the prevailing 

 methods as not to be readily comparable. It will be at once noted that the American 

 group is more detailed. One may summarize the chart somewhat as follows: 



The "spherical" group is generally accepted. 



The "spiral" group is generally accepted, but the content varies, some writers 

 including both the spirals typified by the cholera organism, and those of the "spiro- 

 chaete" type, ochers placing the latter group separately, usually in an order by itself. 



The "cylindrical" or rod group is the most varied. Under it, however, certain 

 groups are usually put together, such as the tuberculosis-diphtheria combination, 

 unless this is placed with actinomyces. 



The "spore-formers" and "non-spore-formers" are usually differentiated, but the 

 rank varies. 



The "nitro" -bacteria are generally kept together though again with different 

 ranks and occasionally placed with the pyocyaneus-fluorescens group. 



The "pigment formers" are also kept more or less together. 



In the various classifications such characters as motility, flagella arrangement, 

 gram stain, fermentation, proteolysis, etc., are mostly well down the line. 



REFERENCES 



No attempt has been made to develop or extend a list. Any student of classifica- 

 tion must necessarily consult Buchanan, who gives a full bibliography. This is supple- 

 mented by Enlows as concerns genera, and the various articles by Winslow and his 

 associates add enough references to occupy the student for some time. Save when 

 otherwise specified, classifications recorded by these writers have been accepted and 

 are referred to in the published articles. 



Aldrich, J. M.: "The Limitations of Taxonomy," Science, 65, 381-8.15. 1927. 



Bergey, D. H., et al.: Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1923. 



Breed, R. S., Conn, H. J., and Baker, J. C: "Comments on the Evolution and Classification 

 of Bacteria," /. Bad., 3, 445-59. 1918. 



Breed, R. S., and Conn, H. J. : "Nomenclature of Actinomycetaceae," ibid., 4, 585-602. 1919; 



I ihid (Addenda), 5, 489-90. 1920. 



Buchanan, R. E.: General Systematic Bacteriology. 1925; "Nomenclature of the Coccaceae/' 

 /. Infect. Dis., 17, 528 41. 1915; "Studies in Nomenclature and Classification of Bac- 

 teria," ibid., 1-3. 1916-18; "The Evolution of Bacteria," Science, 47, 320-24. 1918. 



Castellani, Aldo, and Chalmers, A. J.: Manual of Tropical Medicine. 1919; Ann. dc I'lnst. 

 Pasteur, 34, 600-621. 1920. 



Chester, F. O: Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 1901. 



Enderlein, G.: Bakterien-Cyclogenie. Berlin and Leipzig, 1924. 



I 



