HIDEYO NOGUCHI 495 



Figs. 22-29. — Drawings illustrating the origin of the terminal filaments of Treponema from the 

 axial filament, as shown by observations of dividing organisms, and of plasmolysis. 



Figs. 30-34. — Drawings showing the terminal filaments of Leptospira, as brought by the 

 Zettnow-Fontana stain. Fig. 33, the denuded axial filaments; Fig. 34, the spiral terminal filaments of 

 unknown significance. 



Tlate III 

 Cristispira balbianii 



Figs. 35 and 36. — Living forms. Note that the crista is difficult to see when the body is stretched 

 in the course of active movement, as in Fig. 36; darkfield views. X 1,000. 



Fig. 37. — A dead organism but one which has not begun to degenerate. The body conform? 

 to the shape of the crista; darkfield view. X 1,000. 



Figs. 38 and 39. — Degenerating individuals. Only the crista remains of the specimen shown in 

 Fig. 39; darkfield views. X 1,000. 



Figs. 40 and 41. — Preparations fixed with osmic acid and stained with Giemsa's solution, show- 

 ing the chambered structure and the crista. X 1,000. 



Plate IV 



Fig. 42. — Cristispira balbiatiii, showing the crista and the chambered structure; osmic acid 

 fixation; Giemsa's stain. X 2,000. 



Figs. 43-44. — Treponema recurrentis, Zettnow's flagella stain, showing the terminal filaments. 

 Fig. 43 shows how the filaments originate from the axial filament at the time of division. X 2,000. 



Figs. 45-47. — Treponema pallidum, Zettnow's flagella stain, showing the smooth (Fig. 46) or 

 wavy (Figs. 45, 47) terminal filaments. X 2,000. 



Plate V 

 (Magnification, X 1,000) 

 Fig. 48. — Treponema recurrentis in rat blood; darkfield view 



Fig. 49 

 Fig. 50 

 Fig. 51 

 Fig. 52 

 Fig. 53 

 Fig. 54 

 Fig. 55 

 Fig. 56 



— The same, after it has been acted on by bile. Only the axial filament remains 



— Treponema recurrentis in rat blood; Fontana's stain 



— Treponema anserinum, pure culture; darkfield view 



. — Treponema anserinum, pure culture; Giemsa's stain 



— The peritrichal flagella of T. anserinum. (After Borrel) 



— Treponema kochi, culture; Giemsa's stain 



— Treponema novyi in rat blood; gentian-violet stain, after buffered formalin fixation 



— Treponema novyi, culture; Giemsa's stain 



Plates VI and VII 

 The filaments of degenerated leptospiras, brought out by Zettnow's flagella stain (see text) 

 X 2,000. 



Plate VIII 

 (Appearance of Growth of Various Treponemas in Pure Culture) 

 Fig. 77. — Treponema pallidum 

 Fig. 78. — Treponema pallidum 

 Fig. 79. — Treponema pertenue 

 Fig. 80. — Treponema calligyrum 

 Fig. 81. — Treponema macrodentium 

 Fig. 82. — Treponema refringens (without tissue) 

 Fig. 83. — Treponema refringens 

 Fig. 84. — Treponema microdentiiim (without tissue) 

 Fig. 85. — Treponema microdentium 

 Fig. 86. — Treponema mucosum 



Fig. 87. — Flask for growing mass cultures of Leptospira for the preparation of vaccine; one- 

 third actual size. This flask is now made (procurable from the A. H. Thomas Co.) with bent neck to 

 facilitate the withdrawal of the contents by a pipette. 



