K. F. MEYER 619 



fatalities developed among the stock originally purchased and frequently followed 

 experimental inoculations. 



The autopsy findings consisted of discrete or confluent lobular patches of pneumonia 

 regularly accompanied by a sticky, gelatinous serosanguineous pleuritic exudate or extensive 

 adhesions. In the majority of cases the bronchi were filled with a gummy secretion. A peri- 

 carditis was also recorded. Branch found a sinusitis in 60 per cent, otitis media in 66 per cent, 

 pneumonia in 46 per cent, and pleurisy in 20 per cent of the autopsies. Extradural abscesses, 

 cellulitis, mammary abscesses, peritonitis, serous arthritis, and metritis are relatively infre- 

 quent, but Holman' found the Friedlander's bacillus seventeen times as the cause of endo- 

 metritis. The causative organism may be cultured from the blood in a high percentage of 

 the fatal cases, and it is always present in the lesions just mentioned. It differs in no way 

 from the typical Friedlander strains, and some cultures belong to the serological type B 

 established by Julianelle.^ When grown under proper conditions it produces two types of sub- 

 stances which are toxic for rabbits: one is "heat labile" and the other "heat stable" (Freed- 

 lander and Schoenholz).' The virulence for mice is very high; five to twenty bacteria injected 

 intraperitoneally may kill in from twenty-four to thirty-six hours. Slightly larger doses are 

 required to infect guinea pigs by the intraperitoneal route. Subcutaneous injections of 

 o.oi cc. of a twenty-four hour broth culture may produce local necrosis, emaciation, and 

 death within eight days. The intranasal instillation 01 0.5 cc. of an eight-hour broth culture 

 may be followed by death on the third to the fifth day. Extensive pneumonia and pericarditis 

 and enlargement of the spleen are constant findings. The natural epidemiology is unknown. 

 In the outbreak observed by Schoenholz and Freedlander, contributory factors which 

 lowered the resistance played an important role. 



PASTEURELLOSIS 



Pasteurellosis as a disease of guinea pigs has been reported from Germany by 

 Busson/ by "Schmidt-Hoensdorf,^ and by Freund;^ from Italy by Carpano;^ from 

 France by Phisalix,^ and from Canada by Reed and Ettinger.' Freund described an 

 epidemic in which one hundred and forty-one guinea pigs succumbed in the course of 

 two months. The anatomical lesions resembled those provoked by the pneumococcus ; 

 however, the fibrinous exudations on the serous membranes were frequently accom- 

 panied by hemorrhages of varying degrees and by a marked enlargement of the cervical 

 and tracheal lymph nodes. Freund found at the end of the epidemic 6 per cent carriers 

 (nasal excretions and tracheal lymph nodes) and during the endemic period only one 

 in thirty-four animals. During the epidemic the distribution of the virus was demon- 

 strated by cultures of the air, by exposure of mice to the emanations of infected guinea 

 pigs, and by contact infections. The virulence of the epidemic strains was very high 

 while the pathogenicity of the carrier strains was irregular and strikingly low. The 



" Holman, W. L.: loc. cit. 



- Julianelle, L. A.: /. Exper. Med., 44, 113 and 683. 1926. 



^ Freedlander, B. L., and Schoenholz, P.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. b° Med., 24, 555. 1927. 



^ Busson, B.: loc. cit. 



5 Schmidt-Hoensdorf, F.: Arch.f. wiss. u. prakt. Tierheilk., 53, 265. 1925. 



* Freund, R.: loc. cit. 



' Carpano, M.: Moderno zooiatro. No. 7. 1915. 



^ Phisalix, C: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., 10, s.v. 761. 1898. 



'Reed, G. B., and Ettinger, G. H.: /. Infect. Dis., 41, 439. 1927. 



