9o8 



THE HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS 



group also shows characteristic differences (cf. Ottenberg).' Studies of this sort 

 have been made upon numerous peoples and, broadly speaking, the observations in- 

 dicate a relationship between the serological and anthropological data. Moreover, 

 there are examples of very peculiar blood-group distribution. In Indians and 

 Eskimos, e.g., group predominates and may occur exclusively in full-blooded indi- 

 viduals (Coca and Deibert,^ Snyder,^ Heinbecker and Pauli'') ; in the Australian ab- 

 originals there prevails a high percentage of A and O, while B is absent (Cleland).^ 

 In some cases, however, unrelated races were found to be similar in regard to the in- 



TABLE V 



Percentage of the Blood Groups in Various Peoples 



Race 



English 



Germans 



German Jews 



French 



North Americans 



Turks 



Hungarians 



Japanese 



Chinese (Schantung). . . . 



Chinese (Peking) 



Chinese (Nganhai) 



Hindus 



Gypsies 



Negroes (Senegal) ....'.. 



American Negroes 



Australian aboriginals. . . 

 North American Indians 

 Eskimos 



Observer 



AB 



Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld 



Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld 



Schiff and Ziegler 



Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld 



Snyder 



Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld 



Verzar and Weszeczky 



Fukumachi 



Liang 



Liu and Wang 



Liang 



Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld 



Verzar and Weszeczky 



Hirszfeld and Hirszfeld 



Snyder 



Cleland 



Snyder 



Heinbecker and Pauli 



30 

 50 

 4-9 

 30 

 30 

 6.6 



13- 



4- 03 



cidence of the groups, and within the same people considerable differences were en- 

 countered (cf. Grove,*" Lanner^). Of course, only investigations including a rather 

 large number of individuals are worthy of consideration. Further study is needed to 

 ascertain to what extent conclusions can be drawn from the serological examination as 

 to the origin and relationship of human races, and to determine the relative signifi- 

 cance of the blood tests as a supplementary method to the more comprehensive 

 morphological investigations (cf. Hirszfeld, Snyder,^ Streng,' Kruse'"). Some charac- 

 teristic results are summarized in Table V. A graphic representation of the group 

 distribution among various peoples was given by Streng using trilinear co-ordinates. 

 Recent investigations indicate that there are racial differences also with regard to 

 agglutinogens other than A and B." 



' Ottenberg, R.: J. A.M. A., 84, 1393. 1925. For fuller references see Hirszfeld, L.: loc. cit.; 

 Streng, O., and Ryti, E.: Acta soc. med. Fennicae "Diiodecim," 8, Part I, p. i. 1927. 



2 Coca, A. F., and Deibert, O.: /. Immunol., 8, 487. 1923; Nigg, C: /. Immunol., 11, 319. 1926. 



3 Snyder, L. H.: Am. J. Phys. Anlhrop., 9, 233. 1926. 



■i Heinbecker, P., and Pauli, R.: J. Immunol., 13, 297. 1927. 



5 Cleland, G. B.: Australian J. Exper. Biol. & M. Sc, 3, ss- 1926. 



'Grove, E. F.: /. Immunol., 12, 251. 1926. 



'Lanner: Kiln. Wchnschr., 4, 1477. 1925. 'Snyder, L. H.: loc. cit. 



9 Streng, O.: Acta. soc. med. Fennicae "Duodeclm," 8, Part I, p. i. 1926. 



" Kruse, W.: Arch.f. Rassen u. Gesellsch. Biol., 19, 20. 1927. 



" Landsteiner, K., and Levine, P.: Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. Med., 24, 600, 941. 1927. 



