W. H. MANWARING 997 



PARENCHYMATOUS PERMEABILITY 



The marked swelling and vacuolization of certain parenchymatous cells during 

 anaphylaxis' suggest anaphylactic changes in parenchymatous permeability. The 

 hepatic parenchyma of dogs, for example, nearly doubles in net weight during the 

 first fifteen minutes of anaphylaxis.^ This increase is independent of the apparent 

 increase in hepatic volume due to vasodilatations. Hanzlik and De Eds^ have at- 

 tempted to demonstrate an altered hepatic permeability by a determination of the 

 effects of anaphylactic shock on the rate of disappearance of certain dyestuffs from 

 the bloodstream. In dogs, guinea pigs, and pigeons, for example, they report an 

 anaphylactically decreased hepatic permeability to the dyes used in clinical tests of 

 hepatic function. 



RESPIRATORY DISTURBANCES 

 BRONCHOCONSTRICTION 



Lack of parallelism between anaphylactically altered respiratory movements and 

 pulmonary ventilation has been used as an index to anaphylactic bronchoconstric- 

 tion. Auer and Lewis,^ for example, found that in guinea pigs the amount of air 

 entering and leaving the lungs is rapidly decreased during anaphylactic shock, in 

 spite of increased respiratory movements. A cessation of pulmonary ventilation also 

 takes place in the rapidly fatal type of canine anaphylaxis. ^ In rabbits, Drinker and 

 Bronfenbrenner'' found pulmonary ventilation increased. Lack of parallelism between 

 intrathoracic pressure and respiratory movements has also been used as an index 

 to this reaction.'^ In guinea pigs, for example, under artificial respiration rhythmic 

 changes in intrathoracic pressure cease at the height of the anaphylaxis. 



Occluding bronchoconstriction is at times demonstrable by histological methods. 

 Schultz and Jordan,^ for example, fLxed anaphylactic guinea pig lungs by perfusion 

 through the pulmonary artery with Carney's strong solution.' Hanzlik'" demon- 

 strated anaphylactic bronchial occlusion in guinea pig lungs by means of celloidin 

 casts of the bronchial tree. 



Occluding bronchoconstriction may also be demonstrated by perfusion methods 

 in blood-free organs. In guinea pigs the afferent cannula is most conveniently tied 

 directly into the pulmonary artery. The ductus arteriosus is ligated and the left 

 auricle opened for the escape of perfusion fluid." Perfusion pressure, about lo-mm. 



' Weil, R.: loc. cil.; Manwaring, W. H., French, W. 0., and Brill, S.: J . Immunol., 8, 211. 1923. 

 2 Manwaring, W. H., Hosepian, H. M., and Beattie, A. C: //)/(/., p. 229. 1923. 

 ^Hanzlik, P. J., and de Eds, F.: /. Pharmacol, b' E.xper. Therap., 29,485. 1926. 

 ■* Auer, J., and Lewis, P. A.: /. E.xper. Med., 12, 151. 1910. 



5 Manwaring, W. H., Chilcote, R. C, and Hosepian, V. M.: Froc. Soc. E.xper. Biol, a' Med., 

 20, 274. 1923. 



^Drinker, C. K., and Bronfenbrenner, J.: loc.clt. 



7 Auer, J., and Lewis, P. A.: loc. cil. 



* Schultz, W. H., and Jordan, H. E.: /. Pharmacol, g' E.xper. Therap., 2, 375. 1910. 



' Lee, A. R. : Microtomists, Vade-Meciim (6th ed.), p. 65. 1905. 



'"Hanzlik, P. J.: Am. J. Physiol., 72, 558. 1925. 



" Manwaring, W. H., and Kusama, Y.: /. Immunol., 2, 157. 1917. 



