W. H. MANWARING 999 



urethra (perineal incision, males) and the bladder partially inflated with warm saline 

 solution. In smaller animals, the urethra is ligated, the abdomen opened, and a 

 cannula tied into the incised bladder. Changes in intracystic pressure are recorded 

 by means of a mercury manometer. During typical anaphylactic shock in guinea 

 pigs, for example, the intracystic pressure usually increases to about 35-mm. Hg. 

 by the end of ninety seconds.' In dogs, the intracystic pressure usually increases to 

 about 50-mm. Hg. by the end of two and a half minutes. In rabbits, no appreciable- 

 anaphylactic bladder contraction takes place. ^ 



A similar method is applicable to the intestinal loop, and to the postpartum 

 uterus, the organs being partially inflated with liquid paraffin.^ Anaphylactic intes- 

 tinal and uterine contractions thus recorded are apparently synchronous with ana- 

 phylactic contractions in the urinary bladder. Hanzlik'' has applied a somewhat 

 similar method to the crop muscle of hypersensitive pigeons, and has demonstrated an 

 anaphylactic contraction of the circular crop muscle, accompanied by a reciprocal 

 relaxation of the longitudinal crop muscle. 



SMOOTH MUSCLE TRANSPLANTATIONS 



In dogs, a portion of the descending colon supplied by the inferior mesenteric 

 artery may be readily transferred to a second animal. Cannulae are tied in the right 

 iliac artery and in the mesenteric vein draining the loop, and connected by means of 

 paraffined rubber tubes with the femoral artery and femoral vein of the recipient. 

 All collaterals are now ligated or clamped. The most convenient smooth muscle 

 structure for such transplantation, however, is the urinary bladder (hind quarters). 

 Cannulae are tied in the abdominal aorta and vena cava of the hind quarters to be 

 transplanted, and connected by means of paraffined rubber tubes with the aorta 

 and vena cava of the recipient. A normal urinary bladder thus transplanted into a 

 hypersensitive recipient is thrown into a typical anaphylactic contraction during 

 anaphylactic shock in the recipient.^ 



GLANDULAR REACTIONS 



The role of glandular tissues in anaphylaxis is usually studied by determining the 

 effects of surgical removal or toxic destruction of a certain gland on the subsequent 

 development of sensitization, or on the severity of the shock in sensitized animals. 

 Thus, Mautner*" reports an inhibition of sensitization in splenectomized dogs. Splen- 

 ectomy, however, has no demonstrable an ti- anaphylactic effect in previously sensi- 

 tized dogs. The liver is the only glandular structure whose surgical removal or 

 physiological exclusion will prevent anaphylactic shock (dogs).^ 



■ Manwaring, W. H., Hosepian, V. M., Enright, J. R., and Porter, D. F.: /. Immunol., 10, 567 

 1925. 



2 Manwaring, W. H., and Marino, H. D.: ibid., 13, 69. 1927. 



3 Manwaring, W. H., Beattie, A. C, and McBride, R. W.: J. A.M. A., 80, 1437. 1923. 



4 Hanzlik, P. J., Butt, E. M., and Stockton, A. B.: Proc. Soc. E.xper. Biol, b- Med., 24, 32?- 1927 



5 Manwaring, W. H., Hosepian, V. M., O'Neill, F. I., and Moy, H. B.: /. Immunol., 10, 575 

 1925. 



^Mautner, H.: Arch.f. exper. Path. u. Pharmakol., 82, 116. 1917. 

 'Manwaring, W. H.: loc. cil. 



