W. H. MANWARING 



lOOI 



be very carefully protected with gauze moistened in warm Locke's solution, otherwise 

 chilling or mechanical injury will cause local stasis. 



Hepatic perfusion was first applied to anaphylactic study by Nolf," who found 

 that the isolated hypersensitive canine liver, perfused with a mixture of specific 

 foreign protein and uncoagulated blood, is thrown into a marked anaphylactic re- 

 action. This is shown by engorgement, cyanosis, stasis, and reduced rate of perfusion 

 flow. There is a complete loss of the coagulability of the perfusion mixture. 



HEPATIC ANAPHYLATOXIN 



Toxic products formed or liberated by the hypersensitive liver during the initial 

 stages of acute canine anaphylaxis may be demonstrated by drawing shock blood 

 directly from the ligated inferior vena cava.' This blood injected intravenously into 

 a normal dog produces a typical anaphylactic syndrome. Shock blood drawn from 

 the carotid artery is usually non-toxic. 



HEPATIC ANTI-ANAPHYLAXIS 



The anti-anaphylactic function of the hypersensitive Hver is usually demonstrated 

 by comparing the ordinary intravenous anaphylactic M.L.D. of the specific foreign 

 protein with the M.L.D. when the injection is made by way of the portal vein. In 

 guinea pigs, for example, from two to four times the ordinary intravenous dose is 

 usually required to produce fatal shock.^ In dogs, injection into the portal vein gives 

 a prompter and more pronounced anaphylactic reaction than control injection into 

 the jugular vein. 



The detoxicating function of the hypersensitive liver may also be demonstrated 

 by perfusion methods. If a mixture of specific foreign protein and defibrinated ana 

 phylactic blood, for example, is perfused through the hver of a hypersensitive guinea 

 pig, the mixture loses its power to call forth anaphylactic reactions in subsequent 

 perfusions through isolated hypersensitive lungs.'' 



NERVOUS REACTIONS 



Attempts have been made to demonstrate a primary neurological factor in ana- 

 phylaxis by applying specific foreign protein directly to hypersensitive nervous tissue. 

 Such tests are usually inconclusive due to constitutional reactions caused by the ab- 

 sorption of the specific foreign protein by the local capillaries. That reactions of the 

 nervous system play an important role in the anaphylactic syndrome, however, is 

 readily shown, A partial or complete abolition of reflexes from the skin and mucous 

 surfaces is characteristic of acute anaphylaxis in all animal species thus far tested. 

 Shock animals are also relatively insusceptible to strychnine,^ adrenalin, and electrical 



' Nolf, R. : Arch, inteniat. de physiol., lo, 37. 1910. 



^Manwaring, W. H., Hosepian, V. M., O'Neill, F. I., and Moy, H. B.: loc. cit. 



3 Falls, F. H.: /. Infect. Dis., 22, 83. 1918. 



'I Manwaring, W. H., and Crowe, H. E.: J. Immunol., 2, 517. 191 7. 



s Arloing, F., and Langeron, L.: Compl. rend. Soc. de hioL, 91, 73. 1924. 



