1036 ORIGIN OF ANTIBODIES 



marrow, lymph nodes, and lungs of rabbits injected with cholera spirilla, within two 

 to four days before it was detected in the rabbit serum. After the first few days 

 the serum titre became progressively higher until it equaled and then surpassed 

 that of the organ extracts. Deutsch' found that, after typhoid organisms were 

 injected into rabbits or guinea pigs, protecting antibodies were higher in the spleen 

 than in the serum, if he made the determination in the first few days of immuni- 

 zation, and higher in the serum if the titre was measured after two to four days. 

 Castellani' among others found protective substances were equal to or greater in the 

 spleen than in the serum. 



Hemolysin was detected by Schibayama^ in the spleen and lymph nodes of a large 

 number of animals injected with foreign erythrocytes. Tarassevitch'' in similar ex- 

 periments found hemolysin in extracts of omentum, lymph nodes, and spleen, and to 

 a lesser degree in bone marrow and other organs. In the experiments of Motohashi^ 

 when suitable doses of erythrocytes were injected, hemolysin was most concentrated 

 in extracts of spleen, unless the animal had been splenectomized. In this case, hemo- 

 lysin occurred primarily in extracts of bone marrow, lymph nodes, and liver. Cary^ 

 immunized rabbits with ox corpuscles until the titre of their serum was high. The. 

 titre was then permitted to run down during a period of one to five months; after this 

 time a large dose of ox corpuscles was injected, and the serum and organ extracts 

 were examined for hemolysin. In most instances the extracts of spleen and liver had 

 a higher titre than that of the serum or other organs. Both Gary and Motohashi 

 agreed with the opinion of Kyes^ that the higher concentration of antibody in the or- 

 gan extracts was due to the contained hcmophages in the tissues. 



Agglutinin was demonstrated during the first few days of immunization, by Pfeiffer 

 and Marx^ and by Deutsch,** to be present in extracts of spleen, liver, and lymph 

 nodes, but in a lesser degree than in serum. Van Emden'" injected rabbits with B. 

 aerogenes, and after one to two days he detected more agglutinin in spleen than in 

 serum; the liver, kidney, and lung also showed traces of agglutinin. Jatta" injected 

 rabbits with typhoid vaccine. At the end of twenty-four hours agglutinin for serum 

 was o, spleen 30, bone marrow o, liver o, kidney o, lung o; at the end of one hundred and 

 two hours agglutinin for serum was 300, spleen 300, bone marrow 100, liver 30; from 

 that time on, the serum had a higher titre than the organs. Gastellani^^ found that 

 agglutinin for dysentery bacilli appeared in the serum and in the spleen at approx- 

 imately the same time but that it persisted longer in the serum. Jones''' recently con- 

 cluded that agglutinin for hog cholera bacilli was produced by the liver. He con- 



' Deutsch, L.: Centralhl. f. BakterioL, I, 28, 45. 1900. 



= Castellani, A.: Zlschr.f. Hyg. u. Infcktionskrankh., 



3 Schibayama, A.: Ccnlralbl.f. BakterioL, I, 30, 760. 



■f Tarassevitch, L.: Ann. deVInst. Pasteur, 16, 127. 



s Motohashi, S.: /. Med. Research, 43, 419. 1922. 



^ Gary, W. E.: ibid., p. 399. * Pfeiffer, R., and Marx.: loc. cit. 



'Kyes, P.: /. Infect. Dis., 18, 277. 1916. 



"van Emden, J. E. G.: Zlschr.f. Hyg. u. Infcktionskrankh. 



" Jatta, M.: Zlschr.f. Hyg. u. Infektionskrankh., 33, 185. 1900. 



" Castellani, A. : loc. cil. 



»3 Jones, F. S.: J. Exper. Med., 41, 767. 1925. 



