KATHARINE M. HOWELL 1045 



changes in the hematopoietic tissues have been studied by Howell and Schultz.* Five 

 persons with pernicious anemia, one in remission, two becoming progressively worse, 

 and two in collapse, were injected with a triple vaccine containing B. typhosus, B. 

 paratyphosns A, and B. paratyphosus B. Typhoid immune bodies were produced after 

 approximately the same time and in the same degree as they were in healthy persons; 

 the leukocyte and erythrocyte counts were increased, indicating that the bone-form- 

 ing organs were stimulated. A case of aplastic anemia did not respond to the stimulus 

 of the vaccine, nor did the blood counts increase in this instance. The immunity re- 

 sponse in secondary anemia and polycythemia did not vary from that of healthy 

 persons. Antibodies were not elicited by the injection of the vaccine in persons with 

 lymphatic or myelogenous leukemia. Rotky^ also failed to stimulate antibodies by 

 injecting leukemic patients with various bacterial antigens. Moreschi^ noted that a 

 patient of his who contracted typhoid fever during the course of a chronic lymphatic 

 leukemia failed to develop specific typhoid agglutinin. This loss of ability of leukemic 

 patients to form antibodies may be due to the alteration in the hematopoietic tissue 

 or it may be due to injury of the reticulo-endothelial tissue. 



Hektoen and Corper^ found that experimental tuberculosis of rabbits had, except 

 in rare instances, little effect on the production of hemolysin. In acute infectious dis- 

 eases the immunity curves correspond to those in artificially induced immunity. Ex- 

 perimentally an acute infection, such as pneumonia, has been observed by Hektoen^ 

 to inhibit the hemolysin response of dogs to foreign corpuscles. Multiple bacterial 

 antigens, according to the experiments of Castellani,'' Huntoon and Craig, ^ Corrigan,* 

 and others, stimulated the production of multiple antibodies, and in amount com- 

 parable to the antibody response elicited by each bacterial constituent of the antigen. 

 Animal infection such as spirillosis of chickens, in which there is splenic enlargement, 

 suggested to Launoy and Levy-Bruhl' that the spleen had an important influence on 

 the course of this disease. However, their own experiments showed that in sple- 

 nectomized chickens the clinical course of the disease was more benign though there 

 was more noticeable septicemia than in chickens without the spleen removed. 

 Rabbits infected with various organisms including anthrax, cholera, and streptococcus 

 gave no evidence that the spleen was more important than any other organ. Bardach'" 

 found splenectomized dogs even more resistant than normal dogs to anthrax. In 

 protozoan and spirillar diseases, the majority of investigators found evidence that the 

 infections were more pronounced and more often fatal in splenectomized animals. 

 Apparently, such experiments indicate the importance of the spleen in development 



1 Howell, K. M., and Schultz, O. T.: Proc. of Inst, of Med. of Chicago, s, 52. 1924; Arch. Int. 

 Med., 26, 706. 1920. 



2 Rotky, H.: Centralbl.f. inn. Med., 35, 953. 1914. 



sMoreschi, C: Ztschr.f. Immunitatsforsch. u. exper. Therap., 21, 410. 1914. 

 ''Hektoen, L., and Corper, H. J.: /. Infect. Dis., 37, 82. 1925. 

 s Hektoen, L.: loc. cit. 



* Castellani, A.: J. Trop. Med., 17, 326. 1914. 



7 Huntoon, F. M., and Craig, S.: /. Immunol., 6, 235. 1921. 



* Corrigan, M.: J. Infect. Dis., 37, 549. 1925. 'Launoy, L., and Levy-Bruhl, M.: loc. cit. 

 '» Bardach, M. J.: Ann. de I'lnsi. Pasteur, s, 40. 1891. 



