WILLIAM F. PETERSEN 1089 



marked manner than would the normal tissues. Physiologically it means that the tissues of 

 the splanchnic region (which are normally functioning at a higher rate than the peripheral 

 tissues) will be stimulated to a greater extent. From the point of view of the constitutional 

 behavior of the individual in response to an injection, we must finally keep in mind that the 

 individual with an unstable autonomic apparatus will respond in more marked manner than 

 the individual with a stable system. This probably resolves itself into the mechanism of 

 ionic buffering. 



Finally, it should be kept in mind that aclivating agents may originate in the body either 

 as the result of the non-specific effect on some pathological focus (as in tuberculosis) or following 

 some physiological action (fatigue, digestion, irradiation, etc.). The non-specific agent may 

 therefore initiate a much more profound effect than might be anticipated from control in- 

 jections in normal individuals. 



Effects on the Blood-Vascular System. — Apart from the obvious clinical observa- 

 tions on temperature, respiration, and pulse-rate that were recorded by the first clinical 

 observers, the changes in the blood have received most attention. It was found that the 

 leukocyte count was greatly altered. A primary leukopenia followed by a later leukocytosis 

 was noted early,''' and Mullers has studied the reaction most thoroughly. He finds that the 

 primary leukopenia is associated with a peripheral sympathetic status during which time 

 the leukocytes accumulate in the splanchnic and thoracic regions. On the reversal of this 

 status, they again appear peripherally, together with those released from the bone marrow. 

 Cowie and Calhoun* and others have studied the differential count,^-^ which gives evidence 

 of considerable myelotic irritation. The platelet count varies greatly with the dose and 

 agent.*''' '° The erythrocytes, their number, hemoglobin content, and volume and fragility 

 were studied,'' • " and Stotter'^ has recently noted that their oxidase content may be increased. 

 The blood proteins have been studied by Berger/i the Lohrs/^ and many others.'*" 



^ Jobling, J. W.: Arch. Int. Med., 17, 1042. 1917. 



^Scully, F. T.: Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 69, 20. 1917. 



3 Ling, C. Y. : Arch. Int. Med., 35, 598 and 740. 1925. 



t Lange, F. D.: Deul. Arch. f. kl. Med., 94, 552. 1908. 



5 Miiller, E. F. : Arch. Int. Med., 35, 796. 1925; Zeitschr. f. die ges. e.xp. Med., 32, 120. 1923. 



* Cowie, D. M., and Calhoun, H.: Arch. Int. Med., 23, 64. 1919; Jonr. Med. Res., 42, 227. 1921. 



'Holler, G.: Med. Kl., 11, 639 and 668. 1915; ibid., 13, 1038. 1917. 



^Leudke, H.: Berl. kl. W'chr., 57, 344. 1920. 



' Busson, B.: Wien. kl. Wchr., 35, 451. 1922; Duke, W. W.: Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 65, i6od. 

 1916. 



"Dollken: Berl. kl. Wchr., 56, 226. 1919. 



" Schittenhelm, A., and Griesshammer, W.: Zeitschr. f. e.xp. Path, und Pharm., 10, 412. 191 1. 



" Gruenthal, R. I\I., and Brown, G. M.: Arch. int. Med., 30, 99. 1922. 



'3 Stotter, quoted by Weichardt, loc. cit. 



'■• Berger, W.: Zeitschr. f. d. ges. e.xp. Med., 28, i. 1922. 



's Lohr, W. and H.: ibid., 27, i. 1922; 29, 139. 1922. 



'^ Starlinger, W. : Biochem. Zeitschr., 14, 129. 1921. 



" Lowy, J.: Zgl.f. inn. Med., 37, 833. 1916. 



'* Van den Velden, R.: De.it. Arch.f. kl. Med., 114, 249. 1914. 



'9 Moll, H.: Wien. kl. Wchr., 16, 1215. 1903. 



^^ Togeri, C. : quoted by Weichardt, loc. cil. 



^'Petersen, W. F.: Jour. Immunol., 8, 377. 1023. 



