FIRST FOUR DECADES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 



53 



biotic environments aflForded by the Finger 

 Lakes region, with a small limnological 

 station and even with an occasional noc- 

 turnal class. 



For a certain group of ecologists— a group 



presented certain antecedents for this. The 

 chief worker was Shelford, whose writings 

 stress the successional development of 

 the animal community. Shelford's student. 

 W. C. Allee, also showed some interest in 



THE BOLL WEEVIL COMPLEX 



THE COTTON PLANT 



LEAF / BOLL RICE 



WORM WEEVIL WEEVIL 



/ \ ^WHICH IN TURN ARE ATTACKED^ 



BEAN >^COWPEA 

 WEEVIL WEEVIL 



6 



HYPER - 

 PARASITES 



Fig. L The boll weevil complex. (From Pierce, Cushman, and Hood, U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Bur. Entom. Bull., 100.) 



largely stimulated by the botanist H. C. 

 Cowles at the University of Chicago— the 

 major synecological investigations of the de- 

 cade centered around ecological succession. 

 In this historical section we have alreadv 



the problem both as a junior collaboratoi 

 and as an independent investigator. In 1911 

 Allee published a short paper entitled "Sea- 

 sonal Succession in Old Forest Ponds " 

 C. ('. Adams had worked with the problem, 



