804 



Algae, fresh-water, 503, 504, 

 547 

 marine, 449, 501-503, 671 

 Alkaline normality, pH and, 



172 

 Allee, W. C, 61 

 AUelocatalysis, 357-360, 407, 



408 

 Allen, A. A., 52 

 Allen's rule, 119, 120, 626, 



645 

 Allochthonous materials, 443 

 Allometry, 637, 638, 691 

 Alternation of generations. See 



Cyclomorphosis. 

 Altitude, climax community 

 and, 575 

 effect on time of activity, 



552 

 pressure relations, 136 

 Ameboid movement, tempera- 

 ture and, 107 

 Ammonia, 199, 200, 202 

 Amphibia, neurons in, 636. 

 See also Frogs, Salaman- 

 ders, Toads. 

 skull of, 673 

 Amphioxus, 679 

 Amphipoda, 673. See also 



Crustacea. 

 Anabiosis, 19, 20 

 Anabolism in communities, 



496-507 

 Analogy, 635, 728 



in natural selection, 693, 

 694 

 Angstrom unit, 87 

 Animal(s), abyssal, 38, 39, 40 

 activity, 546, 550, 551, 552, 

 558-562 

 effect of temperature on, 

 98 

 adaptations to stream life, 



156 

 aggregations. See Aggrega- 

 tions, animal. 

 arctic, 102, 603, 604, 668 

 beach, 611. See also Littoral. 

 behavior. See Behavior. 

 browsing, 241. See also 



Deer, Leaf eaters. 

 cold-blooded, 626. See also 



Poikilothermy. 

 coloration of, 125 

 distribution, effect of gravity 

 on, 134. See also 

 Zoogeography. 

 of wind on, 148 

 domesticated, populations, 



317 

 ecology, relations with plant 



ecology, 4 

 effect of gravity on, 131, 

 722 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Animal(s), eurybathic, 139 

 food, 237 

 fresh-water, 168-171, 611, 



668, 696 

 geography. See Geography. 

 groups, organization, 411 

 habits, effect of wind on, 



147 

 homoiosmotic, 168 

 Me, pH and, 173 

 marine, 168, 511, 668, 696 

 nocturnal, 546, 547, 553, 

 618, 628, 643, 661, See 

 also Ecology, nocturnal. 

 photoperiodicity in, 121 

 populations, organized pre- 



dation by man, 377 

 relation to moisture, 183, 



207-211 

 stenobathic, 139 

 structure, effect of gravity 

 on, 131. See also Mor- 

 phology. 

 relation to wind, 147 

 warm-blooded, 626. See also 

 Homoiothermy. 

 Animation, suspended, 185 

 Anisomerism, 435. See also 



Replication. 



Annehda, 84, 85, 360, 361, 



409, 410, 544, 689, 702, 



712. See also Earthworms. 



Ant(s), 411, 676, 725. See 



also Slavery. 



army, 421, 423, 424, 425, 



431, 432, 487 

 biomass, 525, 685 

 colony organization, 41 Off. 

 control of environment, 559 

 effect of environment on, 



652 

 evolution of, 718 

 fungus-growing, 713, 714 

 hibernation, 538 

 leadership, 415 

 lions, 666, 697 

 mutuahsm, 719 

 nests, 421, 424, 428, 538, 

 698, 713, 714, 718- 

 721 

 temperature, 362 

 populations, 309, 310 

 social adaptation, 636 

 specialized adaptation, 234, 

 634 

 Anteaters, 523, 524, 666, 668, 



682 

 Antelopes, 705, 707 

 Anthomyiidae, 490. See also 



Flies. 

 Anthropomorphism, 8, 718 

 Aperiodicity, 546, 558, 559- 



562 

 Apes, 707 



Aphids, evolution of, 699 

 regressive, 675 



host-parasite relations, 612, 

 613, 703, 720 



Me cycle, 612, 675 



sex in, 703 



sexual reproduction, 123 



wings, 123 

 Aphotic zone, 448 

 ApomLxis, 677 

 Apstein, 42 



Arachnida, 632. See also var- 

 ious groups. 

 Arago, 18 



Arhacia, cleavage, 401, 402 

 Archibenthic zone, 459 

 Arctic fox, 603, 604, 668 

 Arctic Ocean, bottom deposits, 



161 

 Aridity, 626. See also Climate, 



Deserts, Drought, Dry, 



Moisture, Water. 

 Aristotle, 14, 15, 23, 30 

 Army ants, 421, 423, 424, 



425, 431, 432, 487 

 Artemia salina, transformed to 



A. milhauseni, 20 

 Arthropoda, 632, 648, 689. 



See also various groups. 

 Arthropods, soil, 537 

 Artificial selection. See Selec- 

 tion. 

 Ascaris, 168 

 Ascidians, 712 

 Asexual species, 606, 628, 629, 



630, 639, 680. See also 



Parthenogenesis, Reproduc- 

 tion. 

 Asexuahty, relation to sex, 



639 

 Asilidae, 494. See also Flies. 

 Aspection, 531 



Association ( s ) , coeflBcient of, 

 46 



complexity in, 693, 694 

 Associes, 566 



Atavism, 679. See also Evolu- 

 tion, regressive; Vestigial 



characters. 

 Atlantic Ocean, community 

 periodism, 531 

 diatom cycle, 502, 503, 



520, 521 

 subhttoral zone, 458 

 Atmosphere, 142 



cut-off of ultraviolet, 127, 

 129 



evolution, 77 



gases, 75, 189-197 



moisture in, 181 



pressure, 135, 136 



stratification, 131 



structure, 141 



substratum, 158 



I 



