Atmosphere, water in, 177, 

 178, 181-189. See also 

 Humidity, Water. 



Attachment, adaptations for, 

 671 



Autecology, 48, 227 



Autochthonous materials, 443 



Aye-aye, 523, 524 



Baboon horde, leadership in, 



415, 416 

 Bacteria and adsorption, 176, 

 177 

 in aquatic communities, 499, 



500, 501 

 autotrophic, 496, 497 

 chemosynthetic, 496 

 in community metabolism, 

 496, 497, 498, 499, 722 

 dissolved gases and, 192 

 distribution by wind, 148, 



149 

 evolution of, 601, 628, 629, 



680, 701 

 as food, 371, 407, 497, 658 

 food for, 237 

 heterotrophic, 496, 497 

 photosynthetic, 496 

 pressure eflFects, 137 

 redox potential, 195 

 soil, 497, 498, 499, 711 

 symbiotic, 19, 128, 247, 



248, 711, 712, 716 

 vertical distribution, 445, 

 446 

 Bacteriophages, pressure ef- 

 fects, 137 

 Bacteroids, 713 

 Balance, biotic, in communi- 

 ties, 507, 508, 514, 515. 

 See also Equilibrium, 

 Homeostasis, Optima, 

 Stability. 

 in evolution, 683, 684, 685 

 internal, 605 

 interspecies integration and, 



705, 723 

 of nature, 695-729 

 osmotic, 169 

 population, 332, 690 

 water, 169, 183 

 within organism, 632, 637, 

 638, 648, 664 

 Balanus zone, 455 

 Bank swallows, 645, 699 

 Bark of trees, habitat under, 



665, 697 

 Barometric pressure, 135, 136 

 effect on animal activity, 

 136 

 Barriers, biotic, 723, 725 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Barriers, dispersal, 78, 608, 

 609, 612, 625, 653, 696, 

 708, 723-728. See also Dis- 

 persion, Isolation. 

 Basic drives, 437, 530 

 Bathypelagic fauna, 450, 451 

 Bathysphere dives, 124, 125 

 Bats, 106, 140, 643, 666, 707 

 Beach animals, 161, 611. See 

 also Littoral. 

 drift succession, 534, 535, 

 566. See also Drift line. 

 Beavers, 672, 698 

 Bedford, Duke of, 400 

 Beech and maple community, 

 122, 127, 566, 568, 569, 

 697, 698 

 Bees, adaptation to flowers, 

 715 

 colonization, 687 

 colony organization, 419ff. 

 cyclic isolation, 617 

 effects of heat on, 97, 120 

 interspecies integration, 723 

 nests, 423, 690 

 population control, 690 



growth, 310 

 social parasitism, 676 

 temperature regulation, 363 

 Beetle(s), adaptations, spe- 

 ciahzed, 631, 665. See 

 also Tribolium, Weevils, 

 and various families, 

 adaptive response to gravity, 



134 

 age distribution and repro- 

 duction, 286 

 aggregations, 538 

 diel activity, 550, 557, 559, 



560 

 effect of natural selection 



on, 687, 688 

 habitat isolation, 613, 614 

 host isolation, 615 

 interspecies competition, 



369 

 intrasexual selection, 691 

 Japanese, development, 112 

 mutuahsm, 713, 718-721 

 populations, effect of rain- 

 fall on, 339 

 growth, 319 

 pressure from coactions, 



351 

 seasonal periodicity, 533, 

 534, 535, 537, 542 

 sex adaptations, 665 

 species competition, 329, 



727 

 stratification, 469, 487 

 termitophilous, 422, 429. 

 See also Termitophiles. 



805 



Behavior adaptations, 689 

 adaptive, 134 



animal, 7, 23, 24, 619-622, 

 626, 631, 633, 634, 635, 

 641, 648, 665, 666, 669, 

 671, 678, 690, 722. See 

 also Psychology. 

 conditioned, 429, 433, 604, 

 619, 630, 639, 640, 645, 

 686, 691 

 contagious, 411 

 convergence in termites, 



669 

 effect of light on, 50 

 evolution of, 633, 636, 666, 

 669, 676, 678, 685, 690, 

 713, 721. See also Be- 

 havior; Isolation, psycho- 

 logical; Psychology. 

 gradient, 431, 435 

 group modification of, 408 

 hereditary. See Instincts. 

 humidity and, 188 

 integration, 428, 684, 690 

 mating. See Mating. 

 plastic, 435, 686 

 radiation, 666 

 sexual. See Sexual. 

 social, 45, 419-435. See 

 Social, Societies. 

 Benthos, 159-163, 454, 458 

 Bergmann's rule, 104, 119, 



120, 397, 585, 626, 645 

 Bernard, Claude, 76 

 Biberg, 34 

 Bicarbonates, 340 

 Biochemistry, 137, 598, 601, 

 613, 622, 633, 668, 676, 

 681, 699, 705, 711, 712. See 

 also Chemistry, Metabolism. 

 Bioclimatic law, Hopkins, 18, 



117, 118 

 Biocoenose, 8, 35, 36, 146, 

 472, 485, 534, 535, 566, 

 568, 684, 696, 697, 698, 

 721, 722, 723 

 in burrows of mammals, 

 438ff. 

 Biodemography, 386 

 Bioecology, 62 

 Biological Abstracts, 43 

 Biological control, 52. See also 

 Pests. 

 efficiency, 519, 520 

 rhythmicity, 553. See also 

 Periodicity. 

 Biological Reviews, 64 

 Biology, economic, 27 

 population, 641, 729 

 Bioluminescence, 125, 129 



451, 546, 554 

 Riomass, 634, 659 

 ant, 525, 685 

 community, 527 



