Cactus, 591, 656, 705 

 Caenogenesis, 239, 635, 639, 

 665, 666, 698. See also 

 Embryology, Life cycles. 

 Ontogeny. 

 Calanus, 450, 516, 554 

 Calcium, 203, 206 

 cycle, 216 



permeability relations, 169 

 populations and, 341 

 soil, 221, 222 



survival of worms and, 361 

 Calls. See Sound. 

 Calorie, 91, 92, 93 

 Camels, 705 

 Cannibalism, 279, 370, 371, 



423, 429, 430, 692, 722 

 Canopy, 461, 462 



stratum, 481, 488-495 

 Capacity, adaptive, 631, 632. 

 See also Adaptability; Be- 

 havior, conditioned; Plas- 

 ticity; Potentiality; Re- 

 productive potential; 

 Teleology. 

 carrying, 375, 706, 707 

 reproductive, potential, 656, 

 685, 701 

 Carabidae, 147, 148, 465, 487, 

 534, 535, 609, 657, 665, 675 

 Carbon cycle, 705 



dioxide, 76, 175, 189, 190 

 development and, 197 

 dissolved, 196 

 mortality and, 343 

 populations and, 343 

 properties, 76 

 Carbonate(s), 202, 203, 204 



buffer system, 173 

 Carboniferous, 81 

 Carle Woods, pyramid of 



numbers, 522 

 Carnivora, evolution of, 680 



hibernation, 106 

 Carnivory, 241. See also Pre- 



dation. 

 Carpenter, J. R., 276, 279 

 Carpocapsa pomonella, 110, 



208 

 Carrion, 570, 665 

 Carrying capacity, 375, 706, 



707 

 Caste(s) determination, 427, 

 428, 688, 690, 691, 722 

 social insect, 31, 419-435, 

 599, 635, 636, 676, 678, 

 687, 688, 690, 691, 692, 

 693, 722, 727. See also 

 Polymorphism. 

 Catabolism in communities, 



507-528 

 Catalvsis, pressure effects on, 

 137 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Cattle, 104, 251, 705, 707, 



712, 716 

 Causation, circular, 432, 664, 



695 

 Cave(s) animals, 36, 41, 48, 

 125, 559, 609, 612, 643, 

 665, 671, 673, 674, 675, 

 678, 679 



bioluminescence in, 125 



community, 439, 496, 543, 

 671 

 Cavernicoles, 36, 41 

 Cell(s), 683. See also Cytol- 

 ogy- 



doctrine, 440 



genes of, 687 



malarial parasites and, 708 



somatic, 690, 691, 693 

 Cellulose eaters, 423, 629, 



712, 714, 716, 718, 722 

 Cenospecies, 626 

 Census methods, 266 

 Cerambycidae, 491, 550, 665 

 Ceratitis, bonitation, 209, 210 

 Ceratium, "shade species" of, 



448, 449, 500 

 Cervidae, 493. See also Deer. 

 Cestodes. See Tapeworms. 

 Chalcid flies, 335, 612, 653, 



700. See also Hymenoptera. 

 Challenger expedition, 38, 39, 



52 

 Chamberlin, T. C, 130 

 Chapman, R. N., 61 



rule, 461 

 Charles, Albert Honore, 39 

 Chehcerata, 632, 680 

 Chemical agents, soil animals 

 as, 465 



environment, 164-167 



factors, and populations, 

 340 



reactions, pressure effects 

 on, 137 



senses, 429, 433 

 Chemistry, 173 



of life, 598 



soil, 220, 705, 711 

 Chestnut, 699 



Chicago, annual radiation 

 curves, 89 



area, formation of, 565 



ultraviolet cut-off in, 127 

 Chinch bugs. See Blissus. 

 Chinook wind, 145 

 Chitty, Dennis, 269 

 Chlamydomonas, sex deter- 

 mination, 408 

 Chromatophores, 22, 620, 



632, 649 

 Chromosome(s), doubling of, 

 625. See also Polyploidy. 



ends, transfer of, 603 



mechanisms, 602 



807 



Chromosome ( s ) , reassortment 

 of, 605 



selection, 690 



sex, 688 



types of Drosophila pseu- 

 doobscura, 652 

 Clironocline, 606, 626 

 Chronology, 632, 635. See also 



Time. 

 Chrysomelidae, 465, 490, 665 

 Cicadas, 543, 554, 618 

 Cicadelhdae, 473. 489, 706, 



719 

 Cicindehdae, 487, 534, 538, 



576, 665, 697 

 Circulation, planetary, 142 

 Citellus, 103, 106, 215 

 Cities, temperature-humidity, 

 208, 209, 210 



ultraviolet cut-off in, 127 

 Cladocera, 118, 808, 335, 686 

 Cladorhiza community in 



archibenthic, 459 

 Clay, red, 162, 460, 461 

 Cleveland, radiation at, 90 

 Chffs, 699 



Climate(s), 78-84, 207-213, 

 224, 662, 724 



anatomy, 211 



continental, 78, 224 



density aspects, 344 



effects of world winds, 144 



geological, 78, 80 



glacial, 81 



human, 211 



indicators, 82 



insect, 211, 212 



nonglacial, 81 



oceanic, 78 



plant, 211, 212, 213 



postglacial, 80-84 



soil, 219 



temperature differences, 81 



types, 207, 208, 209, 210 



zonal, 78, 83 

 Climatic climax, 575 



correlation, 83 



cycles, 60, 86, 635 



zones, 628, 728 



biome relation, 583 

 Climax, climatic, 575 



community, 566, 567, 568, 

 569, 697 

 altitude and, 575 

 latitude and, 575 

 reconstitution of, 580 

 terminology involved, 

 574, 757 



edaphic, 574, 575 



sere, 563, 567, 568, 569 

 Clines, 108, 610, 626, 627, 

 628, 630, 674 



latitudinal, 106, 108, 677 

 Chonidae, 463 



