ICvolutioii, historical aspects, 

 29, 48, 49 

 of interspecies integration 

 and ecosystem, 695-729 

 of mollusks, 680 

 nonadaptive, 605, 638, 639, 

 666, 678, 681. See also 

 Variation. 

 organic, of physical environ- 

 ment, 698, 729 

 parallel, 666, 670 

 of the physical environment, 



698 

 physiology and. See also 

 Biochemistry; Endo- 

 a daptation; Integra- 

 tion, Isolation, physi- 

 ological; Serology. 

 examples, 626-630 

 in inquihnes, 718-721 

 regression, 672—679 

 resistance, 654 

 plant. See Plant. 

 population density and, 

 602-605, 607, 634, 641, 

 654 

 progressive, 598, 640, 679, 



683, 694, 696, 718 

 rate of, 582, 605, 609, 611, 

 629, 639, 646, 647, 

 648, 654, 655, 662, 

 663, 678, 679-683, 

 695, 700, 717, 723 

 effect of sex on, 680 

 population size and, 407 

 in Protozoa, 680ff. 

 regressive, 256, 420, 605, 

 623, 629, 632, 634, 

 636, 643, 672-679, 

 692, 693, 695, 726, 

 727. See also Recapit- 

 ulation, Vestigial char- 

 acters. 

 complexity in, 674, 678, 



679, 683 

 in Protozoa, 676 

 in reptiles, 672 

 retardation of, 629, 679, 695 

 Exchange, ionic, 170 

 Excrement, 185, 425, 565, 

 633, 665, 702, 704, 712, 

 713,714,718,722. See also 

 Dung, Feces, Nests. 

 Excretions, dry, 185 

 Exoadaptation, 631, 632, 635, 

 640, 664, 683, 694, 718. 

 See also Adaptation. 

 Exoskeleton, impermeability, 



169 

 Exploitation, 236, 420, 655, 

 658, 685, 694, 698, 699- 

 704, 705, 709, 710, 719, 

 720, 723, 728 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Exploitation, complexity in, 

 700, 701 

 of Hymenoptera, 715 

 Extinction, 287, 328, 329, 

 604, 638, 639, 640, 641, 

 660, 662, 663, 664, 679, 

 682, 683, 724, 725. See 

 also Disoperation, Mor- 

 tality, Survival. 

 population, 306, 327, 402 

 size and, 399ff. 

 Extrapolation of population 



curves, 314 

 Extremities, size, temperature 



and, 119, 120 

 Eye(s), 125, 546, 547, 632, 

 634, 647, 648, 665, 678, 

 679 

 fish, genetics of, 681 



oceanic depth relations, 



129, 215ff. 

 regressive evolution, 



673ff. 

 relation to behavior, 674 

 loss of, 643, 672-675, 677, 



678, 679 

 size, twilight and, 126, 129 



Facilitation, bio-social, 395, 

 410. See also Social. 

 physiological, 395, 410, 419 

 psycho-social, 395, 410 

 social, 395, 410 



Factor(s) complex, 496, 529, 

 568, 722 

 population, 331-393 

 of safety, 237 



Family system, 419, 432, 608, 

 644, 645, 657, 664, 665, 

 670, 671, 676, 683, 686, 

 687, 689, 691, 694, 713, 

 717. See also Parental care. 



Farr, W., 54 



Farr's rule, 26, 347 



Fauna, bathypelagic, 450, 451 

 log, 512 

 soil, 537 



Faunal provinces, littoral, 35 



Feces, 487. See also Dung, 

 Excrement. 



Fecundity, 289, 421, 431, 649, 

 687, 701, 709, 722. See 

 also Overproduction. 

 of flies, 653 



Feeding adaptations, 238, 611, 

 634, 635, 662, 664, 666, 

 668, 685 

 day-length and, 126 

 filter, 240, 241 

 group, 411, 686, 687 

 habits, 486, 517-525 

 nectar, 241, 423, 424, 665, 

 690, 715 



813 



Feet, adaptations of, 119, 120, 

 163, 164, 180, 181, 524, 

 637, 679 

 Fehdae, 493, 723. See also 



Lynx, Mammals, Pumas. 

 Fertihty, 237, 289, 616, 623, 

 677, 722. See also Fecun- 

 dity, Infertility, Sterility. 

 FertiUzation, 171, 689, 691. 

 See also Copulation, Polli- 

 nation, Sex. 

 Fick's law of diffusion, 165, 



166 

 Field concept, 435 



trophoporic, 421, 423 

 Fig, fertilization by insects, 



250 

 Figitidae, 472 

 Filter feeding, 240, 241 

 Finches, topographic isolation, 



621 

 Finger Lakes, summer strati- 

 fication, 95 

 Fire(s) control, 210 



forest, 210, 479, 485, 578 

 Fish(es), abundance, fluctua- 

 tion in, 322 

 adaptation to rare condi- 

 tions, 635 

 and selection in, 649 

 aestivation of, 104ff. 

 Amia, 46 

 anadromous, 170 

 ancestral habitat, 171 

 biomasses of, 526ff., 659 

 catadromous, 170 

 chnes in characters of, 626 

 cold hardiness, 104 

 color change in, 632 

 community relations of, 696 

 competition among, 660 

 conditioning of water by, 



355ff. 

 convergence in, 642, 668 

 deep-sea, texture of, 138, 



260 

 defensive adaptations of, 



705 

 ecological barriers to dis- 

 persal, 609 

 effect of dissolved gas on, 



343 

 eggs, pressure effects on, 

 138 

 random dispersal of, 647 

 relation of numbers to 

 behavior, 685 

 eyes, genetics of, 681 

 oceanic depth relations, 



129, 215ff. 

 regressive evolution of, 



673ff. 

 relation to behavior, 674 



