Periodism, community, 528- 

 562 

 in mammals, 531ff., 535, 

 539 

 Periwinkles, life history, 531 

 Permanent residents, 122, 



539 

 Permeability, membrane, 168 



skin, 169, 170, 171 

 Permeants, 511 

 Permian, 662 

 Peromyscus, 324, 607, 610, 



621, 627, 677 

 Pessimum, 103, 213 

 Pest(s), 27, 28, 29, 52, 330, 

 331, 643, 653, 654, 692, 

 699, 705, 706, 723, 724, 

 725. See also Diseases, 

 Parasites, Parasitism. 

 control, insect, 27, 28, 29, 

 705, 706, 724 

 Petersen, C. G. Job., 51 

 Petrocoles, 163, 225 

 pH. See Hydrogen ion con- 

 centration. 

 Phenology, 531 

 Phillips, John F. V., 415 

 Phoresy, 245 



Phosphate buffer system, 173 

 fresh-water, 202, 203 

 marine, 201, 202 

 seasonal cycle, 200, 201, 

 502 

 Phosphatization, 498 

 Phosphorus, cycle, 498, 705 

 marine, 201 

 in soils, 498 

 Photic zone, 448, 461, 462, 

 501 

 primary producers of, 

 501,' 502, 503 

 Photochemical syntheses, 128, 



129 

 Photoperiodicity, 21, 129, 534, 

 545, 653, 671 

 in animals, 121 

 hemispheric effect, 124 

 hght in, 123, 124, 536 

 mammalian breeding, 124, 



631 

 pelage and, 122, 129 

 plumage and, 122, 129 

 temperature and, 123, 129 

 Photosynthesis, 76, 129, 199, 

 679, 713 

 dissolved oxygen from, 192, 



193 

 fresh-water communities, 



503, 504, 505, 547 

 marine community, 501, 



502, 503 

 terrestrial communities, 

 505. 506. 507 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Photosynthetic, efBciency, 505, 

 506 

 key industry, 501-507 

 productivity, of deciduous 

 forest, 507 

 of grassland, 507 

 of lakes, 505, 507, 519, 

 520 

 Photuridae, 546, 554 

 Phragmosis, 233, 234, 425, 



661, 665 

 Phthiracaridae, 486 

 Phyllopoda, 335 

 Phylogeny. See also Evolu- 

 tion; Radiation, adaptive. 

 emergence, 693, 694, 695 

 nasute termite, 727 

 regression, 676, 679 

 retardation, 680, 682 

 Physa, 50 

 Physiographic stream history, 



155 

 Physiography, 672, 698. See 

 also Isolation, topographi- 

 cal. 

 Physiological age, 422, 639, 

 692. See also Death, bene- 

 ficial; Senescence. 

 Physiology, compared with 

 ecology, 2 

 developmental, 45, 427, 678 

 environmental, history, 17 

 evolution and. See Evolu- 

 tion. 

 plant, 19 

 response, 23, 24, 44, 50, 



630 

 toleration, 17-23 

 Physogastry, 720, 721 

 Phytoflagellates, 345. See also 



Algae, Protozoa. 

 Phytophage, 613, 614, 616, 



699, 726 

 Phy toplankton , f r e s h- water , 

 seasonal categories, 503, 

 504 

 marine, place in food web, 

 501, 502, 503, 520, 521 

 vertical distribution in 

 lakes, 446 

 Piche evaporimeter, 19 

 Pictet, A., 136 



Pigmentation, 626, 627, 632, 

 668, 673, 674, 678, 679. 

 See also Color, Coloration. 

 Pigs, 615, 708, 715, 725 

 Pika, 671 

 Pine community, 697, 698, 



699, 703, 706 

 Pine-log habitat, 512 

 Pitcher plant, 232, 233 

 Plague, bubonic, 337 

 Planaria, 45, 599. See also 

 Flatworms. 



825 



Planchon and Riley, 28 

 Planetary circulation, 141, 



142 

 Plankton, 37, 133, 134, 148, 

 154, 158, 504, 686 



amounts of total marine, 

 448 



fresh-water, 504 



place in food web, 501- 

 504, 520, 521 



productivity, sunshine and, 

 346 



recorder, 317 



vertical distribution of, 446- 

 450, 555 

 Plankton-feeders, 524, 525, 



663 

 Plant(s), cHmate, 211, 212, 

 213 



cultivated, 625, 711, 724, 

 726. See also Domestica- 

 tion. 



eaters, 705. See also Her- 

 bivores, Leaf eaters, Phy- 

 tophages. Wood eaters. 



ecology, history, 43, 44 

 relation to animal ecol- 

 ogy, 4 



evolution of. See various 

 groups. Rusts. 

 asexual groups, 629 

 display, 689 

 ecotypes, 628 

 heathers, 624 

 hempnettle, 625 

 hybridization, 624, 625 

 pollen, 685 

 regression in, 677 

 retardation in, 680 

 rusts, 642, 643, 676 

 selection, 646, 648 

 solanums, 642 

 tachytelic, 662 

 tumble weed, 692 



flowering, 712, 715. See 

 also Flowers. 



food, surplus of, 239 



geography, 215, 597, 641, 

 695 



marine, 502, 503, 511. See 

 also Algae, Diatoms. 



matrix, 227 



parasitic, 259. See also 

 Host, Parasite, Parasi- 

 tism, Rusts. 



physiology, 19 



predation by, 236 



saprophytic, 712 



as substrates, 158 



vernahzation, 103 

 Plant-animal relations, 246- 



251, 679. 705 



