826 



Plasticity of reaction, 20, 630, 



631, 638, 639, 650, 686, 



688. See also Adaptability; 



Behavior, conditioned; 



Capacity. 

 Plateaus, high, 592 

 Platypodidae, 713 

 Pleistocene, 611, 654, 660, 



661, 666, 700. See also 



Quaternary. 

 Pliny, 16 



Pliocene, 662, 682, 723, 727 

 Plumage, photoperiodicity, 



122, 129 

 Pneumococci, 601 

 Poikilosmotic, 168 

 Poikilotherms, dormancy, 104 



temperature of, 97 

 Poikilothermy, 97, 98, 626 



escape mechanisms, 214, 

 215 



size and temperature, 119, 

 120 

 Poison, acclimatization to, 19 

 "Poisson distribution," 364, 



366 

 Polar, areas, 585 



lakes, 95 

 Polarity, 121, 435 

 Polistes, hierarchy, 411, 430 

 Political systems, 694 

 Pollen food, 423, 424, 665, 



715 

 Pollination, 33, 248, 249, 250, 

 433, 486, 518, 619, 623, 

 685, 689, 705 



by flies, 715 

 Pollution, 341, 515 

 Polychaete annelids, lunar 



periodicity in, 544. See also 



Annelida. 

 Polygenic characters, 616, 



647, 648, 670, 674, 677, 



688. See also Complexity. 

 Polyisomerism, 435. See also 



Replication. 

 Polymorphism, 421, 424, 427, 



670, 676, 683, 684, 686, 



687, 688. See also Castes. 

 Polyploidy, 602, 607, 623, 



625, 629, 676, 677 

 Pond(s), 652 



succession, 572, 573 



temporary, 439 



water, ions, 167 

 Popilius disjunctus, 560, 561, 



665. See also Passalidae. 

 Poplar, 513, 613 

 Population(s), 264, 265 



absolute, 266 



age distribution in, 281, 

 282, 284, 293 



ants, 310 



aquatic, 160, 333 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Population(s), balance, 332, 

 632, 655, 664, 694, 706. 

 See also Balance. 

 bark beetle, 339 

 beetle, 320. See also Tri- 



bolium. 

 biological attributes, 263, 



664 

 biology, 641, 729 

 biotic enviroiunent, 332, 



346 

 breeding structure, 602- 



605 

 census methods, 266 

 chemical factors, 340 

 of colonies, 419 

 competition, 349-352 



interspecies, 329, 368, 

 369, 370 

 conditioning, 352-361 

 control, 430, 690, 706 

 curves, extrapolation of, 



314 

 cycles, 60, 323, 324, 325, 



326, 366 

 decline, 61, 281, 305, 327, 



355, 402, 706, 722 

 density, 61, 264, 322, 327, 

 332, 336, 346, 376, 

 403^06, 419, 543, 

 544, 630, 641, 684, 

 696, 701, 705, 706, 

 707 

 competition and, 332, 



700, 710 

 evolution and, 602-605, 



607, 634, 641, 654 

 operational nature of, 



347, 348, 349 

 parasites and, 332, 700, 



705, 722, 727 

 predation and, 332, 706, 



707 

 processes influenced by, 



347 

 reproduction and, 336 

 seasonal, in profundal 

 zone, 453 

 dispersion, 363 

 of domesticated animals, 



317 

 as ecological unit, 6, 435, 



640 

 ecology, list of problems, 

 346 

 mathematical models, 



386 

 scope of, 270 

 effects of parasites on, 379- 



386 

 equilibrium, 305, 315 

 human populations, 318 

 laboratory, populations, 

 316, 317 



Population ( s ) , equilibrium , 

 natural populations, 317 

 of European corn borers, 



386-389 

 experimental, 270 

 extinction, 306, 327, 402 

 factors, 331-393 



classification of, 331, 332, 

 333, 390, 722 

 fish, 284, 285, 321, 322, 



345 

 fluctuation, 305, 317, 318, 

 327, 701, 722. See also 

 Oscillations, Periodic- 

 ity. 

 laboratory populations, 



319 

 natural populations, 319 

 food and, 344, 722 

 of forest floor invertebrates, 



488 

 genetics, 599-605, 606, 646, 



647, 654, 655 

 growth, exponential, 272 

 factors, 61, 657, 722 

 form, 305-330, 339, 658, 



684 

 Gompertz curve, 304 

 human populations, 313 

 logistic, 303, 304, 306, 

 307, 308, 309, 310, 

 311, 313, 314 

 natural populations, 307, 



310, 312 

 positive, 306 

 history, 24, 60 

 host-parasite, 379-386 

 human, 271, 281, 282, 313, 



314, 316, 818 

 humidity and, experimental 

 populations, 335 

 natural populations, 337 

 increase, true rate, 293 

 increasing, 281 

 infrasocial, 687 

 integration, 332, 389, 419- 

 435, 633, 640, 683-695, 

 695-729 

 interspecies, 265 

 intraspecies, 265, 683 

 laboratory, 60,61,270,271, 



307, 319, 658 

 level, biotic environment, 



346 

 life cycles, 612 

 life-table, 283, 294, 296 

 Malthusian, 283 

 maxima, 323 

 minima, 323 

 minimal, 398 

 mortality, 334, 419 

 natural, 60, 270, 521, 323, 

 324, 328, 338, 339, 

 626, 641 



