830 



Savannah, 79, 696. See also 



Grassland, Prairie. 

 Scale insects. See Coccidae. 

 Scarabaeidae, 469, 472, 491, 



534, 665 

 Scavengers, 242, 423, 685, 



697, 699, 719, 720 

 Schistocerca gregaria, 276, 



277, 278, 286 

 Sciaridae, 465 

 Scolytidae, 491, 713 

 Scorpions, 632 

 Sea, anemone, 252 

 deep, 139, 671 

 ice, 179 



level, pressure at, 135 

 salts, ionization, 172 

 scorpions, 632 

 shore. See Littoral. 

 spiders, 632 



water, balanced ions, 171, 

 172 

 freezing point, 179 

 pH, 172, 173 

 pressure effects on, 137 

 temperature, density, 96 

 trace chemicals, 167 

 upwelling, 78, 150, 151, 

 200 

 Seals, 609, 668, 696, 701 

 Seasonal abundance in marine 

 diatoms, 502. See also 

 Periodicity, seasonal. 

 factors, 529, 722 

 isolation, 616, 617 

 movements, 542 

 phenomena, terminology of, 



531, 532, 533 

 succession, 102, 122 

 Sea-weed zonation, 454, 455 

 Secondary cycle, 348 



residents in stratification, 



442 

 sequences, 578 

 Secretions, 425, 430, 690, 703, 

 719, 722. See also Glands. 

 Sediments, marine, 460 

 neritic, 460 

 terrigenous, 460 

 Seed, deposition in forests, 

 481 

 dispersal, 251, 481, 646, 

 647, 692, 705, 714, 715 

 eaters, 665 

 germination, 715 

 Seiches, 150 



Selection, adaptive diver- 

 gence, 630 

 artificial, 625, 641, 642, 

 643, 647, 653, 654, 668, 

 694 

 black rodents, 604 

 coefficient, 603, 604, 647, 

 649, 654 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Selection, at community level, 



529 

 competition and, 640, 641, 



656 

 convergent evolution, 610 

 genetic divergence, 608 

 habitat. See Habitat. 

 host, 258, 615, 700. See 



also Habitat selection. 

 hybrids, 623, 624, 625 

 incidence of, 635 

 intergroup, 603, 604, 605, 



692 

 internal balance, 605 

 intrasexual, 690, 691 

 isolation, 606 

 micro-organisms, 601 

 mutualistic relationship, 718 

 natural. See Natural selec- 

 tion. 

 negative, 699 

 organic, 642, 645. See also 



Habitat selection. 

 organismic levels and, 683 

 predation, 628 

 predators, 627, 649ff., 674, 



689, 709 

 pressure, 610, 611, 628, 

 630, 637, 638, 648, 

 664, 671, 673, 677, 

 678, 680, 682, 685, 

 695, 698, 701, 709, 

 710, 715, 721, 728 

 complexity of, 655 

 survival and, 608 

 reduced, 600 

 sexual, 622, 688-691 



survival and, 649, 650, 

 651, 655 

 stratal, 462 

 yeasts, 603 

 Selective value, 649 

 Selenium, soil, 221 

 Self-fertilization, 625, 715. 

 See also Asexual, Partheno- 

 genesis, Reproduction. 

 Senescence, 422, 577, 639, 



640, 692 

 Sense(s), 140, 428, 434, 636, 

 643, 674, 679, 722. See 

 also various sense organs, 

 chemical, 429, 433 

 color, 433 

 Serai phenomena, 563, 568, 



569, 572, 577 

 Sere, 563, 568, 569, 570, 684 

 climax, 563, 567, 568, 569 

 Serology, 601, 614, 708 

 Sex, adaptations of beetles, 

 665 

 animal aggregations and, 



408 

 in aphids, 703 



Sex, attraction, 423, 433, 619, 

 622, 686-691. See also 

 Courtship, Mating be- 

 havior. 



biparental reproduction, 

 642 



copulatory apparatus, 618 



crowding, effects on, 409, 

 410 



determination, 408, 409, 

 410, 427, 434, 647, 688, 



690, 691 



effect on rate of evolution, 



680 

 fecundity of flies, 653 

 gene frequency and, 681 

 haploid and diploid eggs, 



647 

 hierarchy, 414 

 intraspecies aggregation, 



664 

 isolation, 606, 619-623 

 longevity and, Rubner's hy- 

 pothesis, 114 

 neoteny, 635ff. 

 origin, 408 

 parasitic males, 260 

 polyploid species and, 677 

 populations and social re- 

 lations, 688-691, 694 

 recognition, 621, 691 

 regressive evolution, 675 

 relation to asexuality, 639 

 reproductive capacity, 629 



isolation, 641 

 rusts, 644 



social insects, 42 Iff., 687 

 trematodes, 259 

 Sexual, behavior, 420, 423, 

 619-622, 682, 687, 688- 



691, 710. See also Be- 

 havior, Courtship, Color, 

 Psychology, Sex. 



coloration, 620, 689, 710. 

 See also Color; Colora- 

 tion; Dimorphism, sexual. 

 dimorphism. See Dimor- 

 phism. 

 parasitism in fishes, 260 

 periodicity, 603, 703, 708 

 selection. See Selection, 

 sexual. 

 Shaw, 22 



Sheep, 120, 311, 312, 668 

 Shelf ord, V. E., 24, 36, 41, 



49 

 Shell(s), 252, 673. See also 

 Mollusks. 

 zone, 452, 458 

 Shelter, 147, 671, 685, 700, 

 722. See also Nests, Pro- 

 tection. 

 among social insects, 425 



