834 



Temperature, biological pro- 

 cesses, effect on, 106, 



107, 108 

 body, 97, 98, 120, 626, 

 668 



mammalian, hibernation 

 and, 98, 105 

 coeflBcient, 107, 166 

 control by groups, 215, 



363, 428, 429, 672 

 density, fresh water, 93, 

 686 



sea water, 96 

 development rate and, 109, 



110 

 distribution and, 114-117, 

 207-211, 541 



Drosophila, 117 



vertical, in plant climate, 

 212 

 efiFect on ameboid move- 

 ment, 107 



on animal activity, 98, 

 100 



on climate, 81 

 effective, 18, 107, 108, 110, 



111 

 environmental, effect on 



biological processes, 100, 



106 

 extremities and, 119, 120 

 fitness of environment, 73, 



598 

 in forests, 228, 229, 480 

 formula, Sanderson-Peairs- 



Krogh, 107, 108 

 freezing, 100, 101, 634 

 gradient, 94, 98, 219, 228, 

 653 



horizontal, lake, 96 

 hyperbola, 109, 111 

 influence on grassland, 474 

 life zones and, 114-117 

 limits, 98 

 littoral, 78, 79 

 low, resistance to, 99, 104, 



634 

 mass action law and, 107 

 in microclimates, 228, 230 

 modifications induced by, 



118, 119, 120 

 moisture and, 207-211 

 mutations and, 599, 600 

 near ground, 212, 213 

 of nests, 362, 363, 425, 



672 

 in oceans, 96, 109 

 photoperiodicity and, 123, 



129 

 populations and, 333, 722 

 precipitation and, 475 

 red bone marrow and, 120 

 regulation, oceanic, 78 

 scalc!, 74 



SUBJECT INDEX 



Temperature, size and, 119, 

 120 

 soil, 78, 98, 109, 219, 230, 

 474, 475, 671 

 surface, 98, 671 

 structural modifications in- 

 duced by, 118, 119, 120 

 summation, 18, 107, 111, 



112, 113 

 of Tenebrio populations, 



362 

 threshold, 110, 111 

 toleration, 21, 22, 98, 99, 



103, 616, 634, 671 

 varying, 108, 111 

 in winter rye stand, 230 

 work summation and, 113 

 zero, ecological, 107, 110, 



111 

 zones, American tropics, 79 

 Temperature-altitude curve, 



141 

 Temperature-depth curves, 95 

 Temperature-humidity graphs, 

 208 

 relations, 208, 209, 210, 

 672 

 Temperature-moisture rela- 

 tions, 207, 209, 210, 211, 

 672 

 Temperature-rainfall relations, 



211 

 Temperature-velocity formu- 

 lae, 107, 108 

 Tenebrio molitor, incubation 



of chrysalids, 109 

 Tenebrionidae, 319, 361, 362, 

 369, 486, 559, 665. See 

 also Tribolium. 

 Tenebroides, 286 

 Tension zones, 653. See also 



Ecotone. 

 Tenthredinidae, 491, 494 

 Terminology, ecological, 61, 



68 

 Termites, aperiodic, 560 

 behavior convergence, 669 

 blind, wingless soldiers, 



678 

 caenogenesis, 635 

 colonizing flights, 617 

 as community components, 



439 

 Constrictotermes cavifrons, 



645, 646 

 defensive adaptations, 692 

 division of labor, 420-425 

 fungus-growing, 713, 714 

 intestinal flagellates, 716, 



717, 718 

 Kalotermes distribution, 660 

 life cycle, 635, 645 

 in litter, 465 

 nasute soldiers, 693 



Termites, Nasutitermitinae 

 phylogeny, 727 



Neotermes distribution, 661 



nests, 133, 422, 423, 426, 

 429, 615, 645, 646, 

 669, 718-721, 722 

 humidity, 672 

 phylogeny, 634 

 structure, 633 



population integration, 722 



predator barriers, 726 



primitive, 682 



Prorhinotermes distribution, 

 725 



Protozoa, 629 



queen fecundity, 701 



Reticulitermes flavipes, 724 



in soil, 465 



speciahzed, 685 



sterile caste, 599 



termitophilous fauna, 615 



unadaptive structures, 681 

 Termitocoles, 718, 722 

 Termitophiles, 422, 429, 430, 



615, 665, 675, 698, 718- 



721, 722 

 Terrestrial deposits at sea, 



161, 162 

 TerritoriaUty, 411, 412, 413, 



417, 603, 619, 622, 691 

 Territories, 364, 413, 663, 

 722 



bird, 412 

 Tertiary, 639, 664, 666, 682, 



715, 726 

 Testes, sheep, temperature, 



120 

 Theophrastus, 15, 16 

 Thermal constant. 111 

 Thermocline, 94, 96, 502, 



503, 554, 555 

 Thermodynamics, second law, 



598 

 Thiamine. See Vitamins. 

 Thigmotaxis, 135. See also 



Orientation. 

 Thomas, Cyrus, 28 

 Thompson, D'Arcy, 14, 638 

 Thompson, W. R., 271 

 Thompson, Wyville, 39 

 Threshold, developmental, 

 111, 647, 670, 678, 688, 

 692 



ecological, 110, 111, 213, 

 685, 692 

 Thrips, 311, 654 

 Ticks, 632 



Tidal currents, food-bearing, 

 151 



rhythms, 544 



waves, 131, 578 

 Tide, 84 



factors, 455 



flats, 161 



