i8 



HARDWOOD RECORD 



temporary officers iu drafting a constitution 

 and bylaws, and to' report at the afternoon 

 session. The committee consisted of E. W. 

 MeCullough, J. A. Sanford and F. A. Curtis'. 

 The meeting then adjourned. 



Afternoon Session. 



On roassombling in the afternoon i liair- 

 nian Herron requested Mr. Holroyd to de- 

 scribe the work of the Forest Service iu 

 maliing tests on hicltory spokes. Mr. Hol- 

 royd produced two parcels of inch oak 

 spokes, embracing the grades A, B, C, D, E, 

 and culls; also a blueprint on which were 

 indicated in grams the results of various 

 tests on individual spokes, a record having 

 been made of the maximum load and the 

 maximum strain at the elastic limit. This, 

 he explained by statiug that some spokes 

 had been subjected to pressure sufficient to 

 break some of the wood fibers, this being 

 ilesignated the maximum load test; others 

 had been subjected to a strain almost to the 

 breaking point, although no break actually 

 occurred. The tests were arranged on the 

 blueprint so that at a glance the relative 

 strength and resiliency of the various grades 

 of spokes might be seen. 



Mr. Holroyd stated that it was a very 

 common idea in the trade that red spokes 

 are inferior to white, but that this is not 

 true. He said that he would not say that 

 red were better than white, but that they 

 were certainly just a.s good. In a test re- 

 cently made of 500 spokes, part red and 

 part white, it was found that the red spokes 

 were aiiproxiraately of the same strength as 

 the white, if there was any difference it 

 was iu favor of the red. He explained 

 that it was not altogether the strength of 

 the wood but the stiffness which determined 

 its value as a spoke material. Mr. Curtis 

 volunteered the information that the trade 

 would pay 20 per cent more for white oak 

 singletrees than for red, which statement 

 was borne out by others present. 



Mr. Holroyd said in connection with the 

 explanation of the varying strengths of the 

 different spokes that, their thickness being 

 equal, the difference in the strength of the 

 same species of wood was due to the density 

 of the fibers, or in other words to the 

 weight of the wood. This statement called 

 forth the suggestion from Chairman Herron 

 that grades might be determined by 

 weight instead of according to present 

 methods. 



Mr. HolroyJ made the statement that 

 where defects occurred in a spoke its 

 strength was decreased in the ratio of 10 

 per cent to 25 per cent as they occured at 

 tlie ends or in the middle. 



The tests so far made at Layfayette have 

 inclnded only Indiana hickor}-, but the 

 service now has in view the testing of 

 northern and southern hickory to ascertain 

 their relative strengths. These tests are 

 <juite expensive, costing about .$1 a spoke, 

 and this fact has restricted operations con- 

 siderably, as the appropriation for this work 

 is not large. 



Speaking of jjoles Mr. Holroyd said: 

 "We tested ten hickory poles, ten oak 

 jioles and ten southern pine poles. The 

 idea in that line of tests was to get the 

 relationship ijetween the select poles, the 

 common and common trussed and tlie rela- 

 tion that the southern pine bears to the oak. 

 We vested these poles by subjecting them to 

 maximum loads at the breaking point and 

 maximum loads at elastic limit, that is to 

 say, in the former case we loaded the poles 

 as heavily as they would bear the weight, 

 even if they split a little, and in the latter 

 we subjected " them to a strain which re- 

 sulted in them being perma'nently deflected. 

 Comparing oak select with the oak common 

 for maximum load, the former of course is 

 better, but the oak select and the oak com- 

 mon run about the same at the elastic limit. 

 Longleaf southern pine is a little stronger 

 than either the oak trussed or the oak com- 

 mon and nearly equal to the oak select. The 

 pine used in the test was not wholly long- 

 leaf and as longleaf pine is the strongest 

 of the pines, this fact is still more in its 

 favor. ' ' 



O. B. Bannister read a very interesting 

 paper setting forth the advantages to be 

 gained by the establishment of a government 

 laboratory at 'Washington to be used by the 

 Forest Service for experiments in the season- 

 ing and preservation of timber. This matter 

 was brought before Congress at its last ses- 

 sion, but unfortunately it failed to pass, and 

 a vigorous campaign is now being under- 

 taken by the various trade associations. 



The National Hickory Consumers' Associa- 

 tion voted the appointment of a committee to 

 work with committees from other associations 

 in the hope of influencing Congi-ess to make 

 an appropriation for such a laboratory. The 

 chair appointed as such committee Edward 

 Stinson, E. S. Darlington and Fred A. Curtis. 

 The Committee on Constitution and By- 

 laws then presented its report embodying a 

 draft of the constitution and liv-laws, which 

 was adopted, as follows: 



Whkheas. It is recognized that the supply of 

 hicliory timber is being rapidly exhausted : and 



Wherpjas, There is no known substitute for 

 hickory ; and 



Whkiieak. a complete depletion of this ma- 

 terial would greatly disturb and probably de- 

 stroy the industries as now- operated consuming 

 this material, which would be a national calam- 

 ity : and 



Whhkeas. We, the users of approximately 

 250.000.1MU.( feet per year, and representing prac- 

 ticnll.v all lines consuming hickory, here assem- 

 bled, recognize these conditions and the impor- 

 tance of taking drastic measures to insure a 

 future supply, be it 



Resolved, That we form an association for 

 the purpose of protecting, fostering and preserv- 

 ing the present supply of hickory timber and to 

 encourage its future growth and to influence the 

 government through its forestry department to 

 make a commercial study of the hickory prob- 

 lem ; be it further 



Rrsolcctl. That we cooperate both with the 

 government and among ourselves in seeking 

 ways and means for the further economical use 

 of this material. 



CONSTITUTION. 



AlITICLE I. 



This association shall be known as the Na- 

 tional Hickory Association. 



.VRTICLE II. 



The object of this association shall be the pro- 

 motion of the common interests of the consumers 

 and producers of hickory timber. 



ARTICLE III. 



Membership. 

 Sec. 1. The active members of this associa- 

 tion shall be persons or concerns engaged in the 

 production or consumption of hickory timber in 

 this country. 



Sec. 2. The association may by vote admit 

 to honorary membership any person who from 

 eminence or for distinguished services shall seem 

 entitled to such consideration : such honorary 

 members shall have the benefit of all the rights 

 and privileges of the association except that of 

 voting. 



ARTICLE IV. 



The officers of tills association shall consist 

 of a president, a vice president, a secretary and 

 a treasurer. The Executive Committee shall 

 consist of the foregoing officers with three ad- 

 ditional members. An Advisory Committee shall 

 consist of one representative of each of the va- 

 ried interests represented by this association. 



ARTICLE V. 



The constitution may be altered or amended 

 by a two-thirds vote of those present at any 

 annual meeting, a notice of such change having 

 been given to each member of the association in 

 writing at least thirty days before the date of 

 said annual meeting. 



BY-LAWS. 



ARTICLE I. 



The president shall preside at all meetings of 

 the association ; in his absence the vice president 

 shall preside. 



ARTICLE II. 



Sec. ]. The duties of the officers shall be 

 such as are common to such officers. 



Sec. 2. It sbilll be the duty of the Executive 

 Committee to see that the objects of the associa- 

 tion shall be carried out to , the nest of their 

 ability. 



Sec. 3. The duties of the Advisory Committee 

 shall be to represent the particular interests with 

 which they are allied in an advisory capacity. 



ARTICLE III. 



Membership Dues. 



The annual dues of ten ($101 dollars shall be 

 pay.ible in advance on the first day of November 

 of "each year. 



All applications for membership shall be made 

 to the secretary of the association and shall be 

 accompanied b.v remittance covering the annual 

 dues for the current year. 



ARTICLE IV. 



These by-laws may be changed or amended at 

 any regular meeting of the association by a 

 majority vote of these present. 



It was moved and seconded that the chair 

 appoint a nominating committee which 

 should retire and make nominations for of- 

 ficers for the first year. Chairman Herron 

 appoiilted as such committee J. S. Dort, E.. 

 W. MeCullough and George Kile. They 

 named J. AV. Herron, Jr., for president; E. 

 W. MeCullough for vice president; 'W. A. 

 Snyder for treasurer, and 0. B. Bannister 

 for secretary. Mr. Bannister requested to 

 have his name withdrawn, on the plea of 

 not having sufficient time to devote to the 

 work to handle it creditably. The name of 

 F. A. Curtis was substituted, and with this 

 change the nominees were declared unani- 

 mou.sl}' elected. 



An executive committee consisting of E. 

 C. 'Witmer, O. B. Bannister and Peter Lesh 

 was chosen by the new president. This 

 committee was authorized to appoint an 

 advisory committee, which consisted of the 

 following: 



Western wheel manufactui'ers — C. D. Fischer, 

 Wapakoneta. (ihio. 



Eastern wheel manufacturers — E. Stinson, 

 Baltimore. Md. 



liim manufacturers — B. 1". Vcm Behren, 

 Evansville. Ind. 



'iear manufacturers — D. P. Cooper, Struthers, 

 Ohio. 



Shaft and pole manufacturers — W. A. Snyder, 

 Piqua. Ohio. 



Wagon manufacturers — E. W. MeCullough, 

 Wilmette. III. 



Spoke manufacturers — Peter Lesh, Memphis, 

 Tenn. 



Carriage manufacturers — H. C. Staver, Chi- 

 cago. 



Singletree and neckyoke manufacturers — C. S. 

 Ilnrtwell. Chicago Heights. 111. 



Hammer handle manufacturers — William F. 

 Heather. Louisville, Ky. 



Sucker rod manufacturers — George Kile, Ak- 

 ron. Ohio. 



Dimension stock — Lewis Doster, Chicago. 



This, closing the work of organization 

 and incidental business to which it had 



