HARDWOOD RECORD 



25 



marked off as indicated by the heavy lines 

 ill Figure 2, the resulting quarter section is 

 exhibited in Figure 3. The sawing of the 

 stave bolt into staves next follows, the sawn 

 bolt presenting the appearance exhibited in 

 Figure 4. Although buyers nowadays ex- 

 pect to get barrels at about one quarter the 

 prices paid previous to the extensive use 

 of machinery, they also expect perfect 

 articles, and will reject as "seconds" bar- 

 rels with the slightest flaw. Hence manu- 

 facturers are obliged to carefully inspect 

 staves before they are adjusted for the set- 

 ting up. After the trimming, shaping and 

 lii'uding operations are completed, the staves 

 ■.[vc subjected to the inspector for assorting. 

 I'igures 5, 6, 7 and 8 illustrate the varying 

 conditions in which staves are found, from 

 the perfect one in Figure n to the absolutely 

 useless one in Figure 8. Some are warped 

 so badh' that they must de discarded, others 

 can be remodelled under pressure; others 

 are sprung and split at the ends, due to the 

 use of imperfect stock. Knots and knot 

 holes usually necessitate easting out a stave 

 entirely, although occasionally it may be 

 saved by plugging or patching. 



The kiln drying processes are so etfective 

 in these days that the plant which is prop- 

 (>rly furnished with an improved kiln pro- 

 duces thoroughly seasoned stock. Some of 

 the smaller tight barrel factories, however, 

 ■I ason stock in crudely constructed apparatus 

 of their own erection, and bad work naturally 

 results. After the staves are ready, the 

 setting-up operation illustrated in Figure 9 

 is the next step. The grooves in the setting- 

 up device are adjusted to receive the lower 

 ends of the bevelled staves, and the required 

 bulge is obtained in adjusting the hoops. 

 After the staves are properly arranged in 

 tlie setting-up, device, they are drawn to- 

 gether to receive the hoops by means of a 

 windlass as shown. 



Then comes the making of the head. The 

 head bolts are turned out in the same way 

 as the stave bolts, from shorter cuts, and 

 sawed through as indicated in Figure 10. 

 Naturally the headings are .set up square or 



according to the shape of the two or more 

 jiieccs of wood used in the head. The circu- 

 lar head is then sawed out as in Figure 11, 

 :'ud the edges properly scored for ailjustnient 

 in the barrel head. 



Figures 12, 13, 14 and lo show tlie dif- 

 ferent kinds of hoops and lap. The sheet 

 metal hoop is of course' used almost ex- 

 clusively on tight barrels. There are types 

 of cider and vinegar barrels, however, which 

 are put u)i with wood hoops. Corrugated 

 sheet iiielal hoops are used to some extent. 



barrel into 

 In making 



A gi'oove is cut around 

 wiiich tlie corrugated hoop fits, 

 the plugs for the bung holes a bolt is cut 

 from hardwood stock to the required diam- 

 eter. Figure Ki. and the right lengths are 

 cut off, taperi'il and the surfaces smoothed, 

 r.iid the plugs are ready for use. 



Figure, 17 shows the finished barrel. 

 I'lgurc IS illustrates the final operation on 

 the barrel, the making of the bung hole. The 

 drill A is provided with a set-cam C, which 

 can be adjusted up or down on the shaft 

 of the drill to regulate the distance the 

 bore is to extend into the barrel head or 

 side, B. Hence the drill penetrates only a 

 certain distance each time, and does not 

 pass too far into the work after the hole 

 is finished. "Artis.^n." 



NeWs Miscellany. 



Expansion of Southern Cypress Association. 



The Southern Cypress Manufacturers' Asso- 

 'iation held a special session at the Willard 

 Hotel. Atlanta. Ga., June 11 and 12, at which 

 South Carolina, Florida, Georgia and Louisiana 

 interests were represented. R. H. Downman was 

 chairman and George E. Watson secretary. In- 

 formal discussion and reports of various com- 

 mittees brought out the work being accom- 

 plished by the association, and gave the south- 

 eastern representatives some idea of its ob- 

 jects and scope. 



A. T. Gerrans of the fire insurance commit- 

 tee reported having attended a meeting of in- 

 surance men at Shreveport, La., and stated 

 that important concessions wei-e made, viz.. 

 That mill product may hereafter be insured to 

 its full market value; that standard mills will 

 lie allowed to run all night without penalty, 

 while those with slight deficiencies will be 

 penalized at only thirty per cent of the de- 

 Hciency excess; that lumber sheds will be per- 

 mitted adjacent to planing mills, without in- 



crease of premium, if not exceeding in size 

 the mill structure itself. 



R. H. Downman stated for the committee 

 on transportation that the Illinois Central and 

 Pennsylvania railroads had agreed to equip 

 some of their flat cars with the telescopic 

 stake at their own expense, for experimental 

 purposes, with the probability of their use 

 being continued if satisfactory. 



An interesting discussion on terms of sale, 

 form of price list, experiments with tupelo 

 gum, freight rates, etc.. followed, after which 

 the question of grades was introduced, that 

 the southern manufacturers might sec wherein 

 they agreed or differed with those from the 

 lower Atlantic coast mills. The question of 

 stocks was brought up and Secretary Watson 

 explained how monthly statistics were secured, 

 and the benefit to members of their distribu- 

 tion. 



C. F. Smith then addressed the assembly in 

 a humorous style, welcoming the Louisiana 

 delegation, and referring to the relative merits 



of southern and eastern cypress; he was welt 

 answered by R. H. Downman. after which tlic- 

 meeting adjourned. 



-V delightful dinner was served at 8 p. m... 

 at which the Louisiana delegation were the- 

 liosts, and R. H. Downman toastmaster. 



The next day's session was a continuation- 

 of the experience meeting previously inaugu- 

 rated. The duty of $2 on cypress shipped to 

 Cuba was condemned, inasmuch as no such 

 tax is put upon spruce and similar northern 

 softwoods. Lumber mutual insurance matters- 

 w^ere brought up and experiences related in. 

 this connection, and regarding the shipper's 

 relation to the buyer; also concerning the mat- 

 ter of including moldings in mixed cars at 

 the regular lumber rate; the discount to- 

 wluilesalers on block purchases, criticisms and: 

 suggestions on grading rules, etc. 



It was thought best to hold another eastern; 

 meeting within the next month and Jackson- 

 ville. Fla., was decided upon, the date to be- 

 fixed by the chairman. Southeastern manu- 

 facturers expressed their willingness to make 

 a tour of inspection among Louisiana mills 

 after the next meeting. Much enthusiasm was 

 manifest among all present over the success 

 of the Atlanta gathering and it was felt that 

 mnch had been accomplished toward further- 

 ing the desire of members of the Southern 

 Cypress Manufacturers' Association to extend 

 it over the entire cypress-growing territory. 



The session adjourned at 1 p. m. 



The following concerns were admitted to the 

 association, bringing the total membership up 

 to forty-six: 



Williams & McKeithan Lumber Co.. Lumber. 

 S. C. 



Everglade Cypress Lumber Co., Loughmati, 

 Fla. 



Eddy Lake Cypress Co., Eddy Lake, Fla. 



Hodges & O'Hara. Buffalo Bluff. Fla. 



Gardner & Lacey Lumber Co., Georgetown, 

 S, C. 



Ocmulgee River Lumber Co., Lumber Citw 

 Ga. 



Wilson Cypress Co.. Palatka, Fla. 



Those present at the meeting were: 



R. H. Downman, New Orleans, La. 



R. H. Knox, Hilton & Dodge Lumber Co.. 

 Darien, Ga., and Vale-Royal Manufacturing 

 Co.. Savannah. Ga. 



Horace Brownell, Brownell -Drews Lumber 

 Co.. Morgan City, La. 



E. G. Westmoreland. Des Allemands Lumber 

 Co.. Ltd.. Des Allemands. La. 



L. M. Williams, F. B. Williams Cypress Co., 

 Ltd., Patterson, La. 



O. M. George, Opdenweyer Cypress Lumber 

 Co.. New Orleans. La. 



W. E. Mount, Gibson Cypress Lumber Co.. 

 Gibson, La. 



E. B. Wright. Butters Lumber Co., Board- 

 man, N. C. 



David Burns, Everglade Cypress Lumber Co., 

 Loughman, Fla. 



J. F. Wigginton. Bowie Lumber Co., Bowie. 

 La. 



A. T. Gerrans. St« Louis Cypress Lumber 

 Co., Houma, La. 



S. R. Ely, R. H. Downman. New Orleans. 

 La. 



L. W. Gilbert. Dibert. Stark & Brown Cy- 

 press Co.. Downer. La. 



F. H. Wilson, Wilson Cypress Co., Palatka, 

 Fla. 



S. M. Bloss, Lyon Cypress Co., Garyville, La. 



H. H. Gardner. Gardner & Lacey Lumber 

 Co.. Georgetown, S. C. 



F. B. Gardner, Gardner & Lacey Lumber 

 Co.. Georgetown, S. C. 



Thomas L. Ross, Red Cypress Lumber Co.. 

 Pretoria, La. 



John A. Bruce. Owl Bayou Cypress Co.. 

 Strader. La. 



