March 13, 1920 



HORTICULTURE 



213 



CHRYSANTHEMUM GALL MIDGE. 

 The chrysanthemum gall midge, 

 Diarthronomyia hypogaea Lcow, has 

 been responsible for considerable dam- 

 age in the eastern United Stales dur- 

 ing the past five years. This insect 

 was probably brought into this coun- 

 try from Europe on chrysanthemum 

 plants. It was first discovered in the 

 United States at Adrian, Michigan in 

 1915, but now occurs in nearly all 

 states where chrysanthemums are 

 grown. 



The adult is a small slender two- 

 winged fly which lays eggs between 

 the hairs of leaf or stem, particularly 

 of the new shoots. Each maggot or 

 larva forms a separate gall, within 

 which it transforms in 40 to 50 days. 

 Galls occur on leaves, tender shoots, 

 and flower sepals, those on the shoots 

 causing the most injury. Some varie- 

 ties are more susceptible to attack than 

 others. The appearance of the galls 

 and the adult fly laying eggs are shown 

 in the accompanying illustration. 



Early in 1919, Mr. M. P. Zappe, as- 

 sistant entomologist of the Connecticut 

 Agricultural Experiment Station con- 

 ducted in two large greenhouses, some 

 experiments in controlling this pest. 

 In these tests were greenhouse 

 benches, screened and unscreened, 

 treated with carbolic acid emulsion, 

 nicotine sulphate, arsenate of lead, 

 fish oil emulsion, powdered tobacco, 

 and "Scalecide." Untreated sections 

 were l^ept under observation as checks. 

 The first applications were made Jan- 

 uary 3, and the treatment was repeated 

 every three or four days until March 3. 

 All plants were badly infested with 

 galls. 



The best results followed the use of 

 nicotine sulphate (40 per cent.) one 

 teaspoonful to one gallon of water plus 

 one ounce of common yellow laundry 

 soap. Of course the old galls remained, 

 but at the end of the experiment no 

 new galls could be found on the plants; 

 consequently the treatment must have 

 killed the insects before they could 

 make new galls. Apparently this treat- 

 ment kills the eggs or the young larvae 

 before they enter the tissues. 



"Scalecide," one part diluted with 

 thirty parts of water, was effective, as 

 there were no new galls at the end of 

 the experiment, but there was slight 

 injury to the leaves. 



Carbolic acid emulsion and fish oil 

 emulsion both were of some value, as 

 there were only a few new galls on the 

 treated plants at the end of the experi- 

 ment. 



ALFRED M. CAMPBELL begs leave to extend a cordial in- 

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 Easter stock is scarce. Strafford only 15 m. out Main Line 

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Arsenate of lead and tobacco dust 

 seemed to give no protection, as there 

 were about as many new galls at the 

 end of the experiment as at the begin- 

 ning. 



Some growers deem it necessary to 

 spray every day or every other day to 

 hold this pest in check, but the work 

 of Mr. Zappe indicates that if the 

 nicotic and soap spray be applied thor- 

 oughly twice a week, for a period of 

 six or eight weeks, the plants may be 

 freed from galls. Doubtless fewer 

 treatments will hold the pest in check. 

 W. E. Britton^, 



Connecticut Agricultural Experiment 

 Station. 



GROWERS TO ORGANIZE. 



Meeting to Be Held at the American 

 House March 23, 



The work of organizing the Boston 

 growers as a branch of the National 

 Growers' Association has been begun. 

 .Mr. E. Allan Peirce and Mr. Samuel J. 

 Goddard are now sending out notices 

 for a meeting to be held at the Ameri- 

 r:in House on Tuesday, March 23. It 

 is expected that there will be a very 

 large attendance of growers from dif- 

 ferent parts of New England and that 

 when Organizer Ammann comes he 

 will receive a verv warm welcome. 



